Abstract: To investigate the economic income variability of family pastures across different stocking rates,this study evaluated data from a semi-structured questionnaire completed by 89 herders in the desert grasslands of Siziwang Banner in 2021.Based on their respective stocking rates,herders were categorized into three groups:low (0.61 SE·hm^-2),medium (0.91 SE·hm^-2),and high (1.34 SE·hm^-2) stocking rates.The Optimized management models for livestock farm production (OMMLP) were developed for enhancing household pasture management.The findings indicated significant variations in grassland utilization levels across Siziwang Banner. In family pastures,grassland energy was abundant during summer but deficient in winter. Pastures at higher stocking rates experienced greater energy deficits post-winter. Additionally,herders' net income initially rose and then decreased as stocking rates increased. Simulation adjustments of stocking rates revealed that reducing medium and high stocking rate pastures to 0.68 SE·hm^-2 and 0.96 SE·hm^-2 could yield optimal net incomes of 123 000 yuan and 306 000 yuan,respectively. Increasing the low stocking rate pasture to 0.81 SE·hm^-2 could boost net income by 10 000 yuan. This model delineates the optimal stocking rates for varying family pasture types,and can aid pastoralists in augmenting economic returns and fostering sustainable pasture development.

Key words: Household ranches, Stocking rate, Model, Production and management

摘要： 为探究在不同载畜率水平下家庭牧场经济收益变化,本研究基于2021年四子王旗荒漠草原89户牧户的半结构调研问卷,根据载畜率水平划分为低载畜率牧场(0.61 SE·hm^-2)、中载畜率牧场(0.91 SE·hm^-2)、高载畜率牧场(1.34 SE·hm^-2),利用草畜平衡以及家畜生产优化管理模型(Optimized management models for household pasture livestock farm production,OMMLP)进行模拟分析。结果显示,四子王旗家庭牧场的草地利用水平均存在差异,不同载畜率水平家庭牧场草地能量夏富冬亏,同时高载畜率牧场在进入冬季后能量亏损相对较高。此外,牧户净收益随载畜率增加先增加后降低。通过对牧户载畜率模拟调整,发现中载畜率牧场和高载畜率牧场分别降低载畜率至0.68 SE·hm^-2和0.96 SE·hm^-2时,可达到最优净收益12.3万元和30.6万元;当低载畜率牧场的载畜率提高至0.81 SE·hm^-2,可增加净收益1万元。该模型明晰不同类型家庭牧场的最佳载畜率,可以帮助牧民增加经济收益和实现家庭牧场的可持续发展。

关键词: 家庭牧场, 载畜率, 模型, 生产经营