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15 January 2007, Volume 26 Issue 1
    

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    Review
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 1-3.
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    Lactarius imbricatus is described as a new species from Tibet, China. It is characterized by the scales of the pileus. The type specimen is deposited in Cryptogamic Herbarium, Kunming Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica (HKAS) and Herbarium Mycologicum Academiae Sinicae Beijing (HMAS) and Herbarium of Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming (HKAS).
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 4-12.
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    This paper provides descriptions and illustrations of eight new species in the hyphomycete genus Pithomyces: P. arecastri sp. nov., P. cateniformis sp. nov., P. ellipiticus sp. nov., P. helminthosporioides sp. nov., P. longipes sp. nov., P. obpyriformis sp. nov., P. trachelospermi sp. nov. and P. variegatae sp. nov. Two new records of China, P. elaeidicola and P. pulvinatus, are also presented. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Herbarium of Shandong Agriculture University: Plant Pathology(HSAUP).
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 13-16.
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    Paecilomyces curticatentus is a new species isolated from soil sample of the lychee rhizosphere in Fuzhou, Fujian Province. The diagnostic characters of this fungus are as follows: On Czapek agar, at 35℃ within 14 days, colonies are in dust color with wavy margin; Conidiophores are often absent or very simple; Phialides are solitary on the aerial hyphae, occasionally, whorls consisting of 2~3 phialides are on the very simple conidiophore; Conidia are slightly roughened, mostly subglobose to ellipsoidal, few fusiform;Conidia chais are short and consist of 3~6 conidia.
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 17-21.
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    A total of 40 isolates of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes belonging to 23 species in 16 genera were obtained from soil samples of Shennongjia Natural Conservation Area. Among them, Curvularia hubeiensis is described as a new species, Scytalidium thermophilum and Torula graminis are new records to China. All specimens (dried cultures) and living cultures studied have been deposited in the Herbarium of Shandong Agricultural University: Plant Pathology (HSAUP).
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 22-31.
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    A new approach using sequences of secondary structure to assess phylogenetic relationships is introduced. The descriptive dimensional positions of bases instead of sequences of nucleic acids are used as specific characters to construct a phylogenetic tree. Application of the method to phylogenetic analysis of selected taxa of Ascomycota at different taxonomic ranks indicates that structure signal is useful for exploring the phylogenetic relationships among groups. As a proof, the nucleotide signal with the same informative sites was also performed. Comparison between the structure trees and nucleotide trees revealed that structure analysis gives stronger support to classification based on morphological features and to phylogeny established by RPB2 sequence analysis. The method extends the application of rRNA molecule,which makes analysis based on rRNA sequences not limited to base comparison and is complementary to primyary sequence analysis in fungal phylogenetic studies.
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 32-35.
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    Three species, Nodulisporium hyalosporum, Phialophora bubakii and Sporormiella muskokensis were reported as new records in China. Their morphological characteristics were redescribed and illustrated. These specimens (dried cultures) were kept in the Herbarium Mycologicum Academiae Sinicae (HMAS) in Beijing.
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 36-39.
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  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 40-45.
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    The phylogenetic position of the lichen family Umbilicariaceae is investigated using nucleotide sequences of the nuclear SSU rDNA region. Sequences of 6 species were obtained in this study and aligned to those of other lichenized and non-lichenized fungal species from GenBank. The result indicates that the Umbilicariaceae cannot be included in the order Lecanorales and the order Umbilicariales is supported by both the molecular and morphological data. The new order Umbilicariales within Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota is described in this paper accordingly.
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 46-50.
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    Three species of the lichen genus Lecanora with multispored-asci, Lecanora bruneri, L. cateilea and L. japonica collected from Mt.Taibai are reported as new to China. The detailed morphological, anatomical and chemical descriptions are given. A short comment for each species is made under the depictions. Photos of the thalli and a multispored-ascus are also offered.
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 51-58.
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    Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in rhizosphere of common plant species of Inner Mongolia Grassland have been investigated. Twenty-two species were isolated, of which 2 species belong to Acaulospora, 19 Glomus,and 1 is Scutellospora. Glomus brohultii is a new record in China.
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 59-67.
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    The Armillaria biological species in the main forest areas of Heilongjiang Province were investigated from 1999 to 2002. Host species, occurrence law of fruit bodies and geographic distribution characteristics were analyzed. Results showed that there were at least 5 Armillaria biological species in Heilongjiang Province. They were A. sinapina, A. gallica, A. luteopileata, A. ostoyae and CBS F (Chinese biological species F). The hosts were 10 species of conifer and broadleaf trees. Compared with other biological species,A.gallica was the most common species in Heilongjiang Province.Temperature and humidity were the primary factors that influenced producing of Armillaria fruit bodies.
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 68-75.
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    This study analysed the proximate compositions, contents of the bioactive ingredients, amino acids, inorganic elements and fatty acids in the mycelia of Paecilomyces cicadae and fruit body of Cordyceps cicadae. The results showed that in mycelia of Paecilomyces cicadae the content of Cordyceps polysaccharide, mannitol, ergosterol, and adenosine was 33.2 mg/g, 78.9 mg/g, 0.6256 mg/g, and 1.0620 mg/g respectively. The content of microelements such as Ca, Fe, Zn, Se, and Mn was 5187.59 μg/g 207.23 μg/g, 41.93 μg/g and 0.087 μg/g respectively.It was also found that there were linoleic acid and octadecenoic acid,which accounted for 53.91% and 20.63% respectively.Compared with Cordyceps cicadae,the contents of Cordyceps polysaccharide,mannitol,ergosterol,adenine,total amino acid,total necessary amino acid and unsaturated fatty acid in the mycelia of Paecilomyces cicadae were higher than those of Cordyceps cicadae.Other chemical compositions were similar to those in Cordyceps cicadae.
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 76-83.
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    Degenerate PCR primers were designed according to the conserved amino acid sequence of several filamentous fungus MAPKs which were homologous to yeast Hog1 MAPK, and partial DNA fragment encoding a MAPK was amplified from entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana using PCR. Thereafter, a whole DNA sequence encoding the MAPK, designated as BbHog1, was obtained from B. bassiana by extending upstream and downstream sequence of the amplified fragment using YADE method. Sequence analysis suggested that BbHog1 encoded a protein of 358 amino acids with Mr of 40.99KDa and PI of5.49.The BbHog1 contained the conserved TGY activation loop found in the stress-activated protein kinase subgroup of MAPKs and its amino acid sequence showed 94%,89%,83% and 80% identity to os-2(AF297032) from Neurospora crassa,OSM1 (XM_747571)from Aspergillus fumigatus,HOG1 (AF243531) from Cryptococcus neoformans var.neoformans and Hog1 (Z73285) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae,respectively.Phylogenetic clustering suggested that BbHog1 is homologous to yeast Hog1 MAPK.Southern analysis indicated that BbHog1 was present as a single copy in B.bassiana.Northern blot analysis showed that BbHog1 gene expression was obviously increased when the fungus was cultured under the condition of hyperosmotic stress,sub-high temperature and nutrition starvation,which suggested that BbHog1 gene was involved in the stress adaptation reguloation of Beauveria bassiana.
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 84-88.
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    In a Massion pine plantation ,non-woven fabric bands impregnated with Beauveria bassiana were used inoculatively against the pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus. Cadavers of different insects were collected before and after the fungal release ,and 28S rDNA group I intron markers were used to detect recovery of the released strain. Among 87 isolates collected after release ,66 were identical to the released strain , accounting for 75.86%. In 6 months after release , recovery of the released strain varied withom 75%-90.9%;with an average of 81.74%.Thus,the released strain colonized in the pine ecosystem and provided sustainable sawyer control.Population structure changed after the release,and the released strain took over the dominant position originally by indigenous type isolates.
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 89-96.
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    The comparative studies on the microstructure of rice false smut balls and colonies of Ustilaginoidea virens on different media were conducted by SEM. There was only a few of chlamydospores and conidia formed by hypha balls of the fungus in potato saccharose (PS) liquid medium. The colonies on patatp saccharosr agar (PSA) medium could produce abundant chlamydospores, usually forming many chlamydospore balls around the colonies or dispersing on the whole colonies in a few isolates. This implies that the exposure to air favors producing chlamydospores.In the false smut balls,the outer dense chlamydospores piled around the hyphae.The growth of the fungus in the cooked unhushed barley and rice grains was much slower than that in the cooked wheat grains and milled rice grains. There was no crossed interface between the hyphae and endosperm,and there was a large stretch of well developed endosperm in the center part,in which a great amount of starch grains filled. These suggest that the infection of pathogen may occur after flowering and grouting,and the pathogen may be saprophytic.
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 97-105.
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    Laccase overproducing Trametes gallica strain SAH-12 was obtained from parent strain Trametes gallica by UV mutagenesis. Using RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) method, a full-length cDNA of laccase gene and its corresponding genomic sequence, designated as Lacc1 (DQ431716) and Lac1 (DQ431715), were cloned from mutated strain SAH-12 of Trametes gallica, respectively. Sequencing analysis suggested that this gene belongs to fungi laccase gene family, and there are 98% homology in the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence of Lacc1 and the lacA gene from original strain T.gallica. The full length of Lacc1 was 1891bp,with 40,1554 and 297bp of 5' untranslated region,open reading frame (ORF) and 3'untranslated region,respectively.It contains polyadenylation signal AATACA and 59bp PolyA.The ORF of Lacc1 encode a polypeptide comprised of 517 amino acid residues,which included a signal peptide of 21 amino acid residues and a mature protein of 496 amino acid residues,which included a signal peptide of 21 amino acid residues and a mature protein of 496 amino acid residues.In the deduced amino acid sequence of Lacc1 gene,there are 4 putative N-glycosylation sites,4 Cys residues for forming disulfide bonds,and also 4 hihgly conserved amino acid sequences,which could combine with Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ type copper.The full length of Lac1 gene was 2338bp,with 10 introns and 11 exons.Introns ranged in size from 51 to 76bp,and ist sequence complied with the rule of“5'-gt”and“ag-3'”.
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 106-114.
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    Polysaccharides from the fruitbodies of Agaricus blazei J1and J3 were extracted and the polysaccharide structure was analyzed. Purified ABJ-1 and ABJ-3 were obtained from crude polysaccharides of Agaricus blazei by water-extracting, alcohol-sedimentation, protein-cleaning(Sevage method) and polysaccharide purification(dialysis method). Their homogeneity were verified by UV scan and gel chromatography. The carbohydrate content of ABJ-1 and ABJ-3 were 47% and 76.68%, respectively. Their nitrogen contents were 5.77%and 21%,respectively,Their molecular weight were around 40000.The results of gas phase chromatographic analysis after complete acid hydrolysis showed that the composition of ABJ-1 was mannose,glucose,galactose and so on,and the composition of ABJ-3 was mannose and a few glucose.The results of IR spectrum analysis and Smith degradation showed that their glycosyl linkage were mostly α,1-4.
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 115-121.
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    The anchored ISSR analysis of Pleurotus cornucopiae was carried out for identification of the thirty cultures cultivated from 1982 to 2004 in China. The polymorphic DNA fragments could be produced by both of the primer P4 and P5 for the tested cultures of P. cornucopiae. Forty-five bands arose from primer P4, 200~20000 bp in length and thirty-nine bands arose from primer P5, 500~15000 bp in length. All of the bands brought polymorphic among the tested strains. The thirty cultures of P. cornucopiae were divided into 15 groups,i.e.15 stains under similarity of 61% by cluster analysis.The cultures with the same ISSR profiles and 100% similarity of cluster analysis probably belong to the same strain. The results show that the environment of the wild mushrooms is faced with the contamination of germplasms from the commercial varieties. The ISSR profiles of wild P.cornucopiae in Hebei,Shandong and Yunnan are equal to those of commercial varieties cultivated before,and the similarity analyzed by UPGAMA is 100%.
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 122-127.
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    The relationship of 8 Phaeoporus obliquus strains isolated from sclerotia collected from different areas of China was studied by use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The DNA fingerprints of different strains showed that there were genetic diversity among the strains tested. The results indicated that 12 random primers generated 167 bands in total,of which 101 bands showed polymorphism and the average polymorphism rate was 60.5%. There are a little intraspecific difference among fingerprints of the strains.At the level of 0.508 (genetic distance),BCX01 and BCX02 were clustered in the same group and the second group included JL01,JL02,JL03,JL04 and JL05.HLJ01 was independent.Genetic variability of different strains is related to geographical origins.
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 128-134.
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    Genetic diversity of Tricholoma giganteum in Yunnan was determined by using DALP analysis. Five primer groups were screened in 6 shiroes of T. giganteum. Among 202 DNA fragments amplified 151 were polymorphic, the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) was 74.75%. In the 6 shiroes, the total observed number of alleles (Na) was 1.7475; the total effective number of alleles (Ne) was 1.4659; the total Nei’s gene diversity (H) was 0.2722; the total Shannon's Information index (I) was 0.4053; the total gene diversity (Ht)was 0.2705 while the gene diversity within a shiro (Hs)was 0.012.The coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst)was 0.9556 among shiroes,Nei's genetic identity was at the range of 0.60~0.80.The result indicated that 95.56% genetic variation occurred among shiroes and 4.44% within a shiro,it was suggested that most of genetic variation be among shiroes of T.giganteum.
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 135-138.
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    The nuclei and nucleoli were extracted and purified and the sclerotia were induced from Fuligo septica phaneroplasmodium, and then they were observed under TEM. The nucleus possesses a center nucleolus with fibrillar centers, dense fibrillar component and granular component. A large number of grume granules exist in plasmodium. The sclerotium with double-membrane contains organelles and lipid drops.
  • Papers
  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 139-142.
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  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 143-143.
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  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 144-147.
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  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 148-149.
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  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 150-152.
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  • Mycosystema. 2007, 26(1): 153-160.
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