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15 January 2009, Volume 28 Issue 1
    

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    Review
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 1-13.
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    The genus Oudemansiella s. str. has been revised and circumscribed as an assemblage of taxa excluding the genus Xerula s. str. A new systematic arrangement with four sections, i.e., Oudemansiella, Mucidula, Dactylosporina and Radicatae, is proposed. Section Oudemansiella is comprised of tropical to south temperate species, e.g., O. platensis, O. australis, O. canarii and O. crassifolia, with an ixotrichoderm pileipellis composed of filamentous hyphae that, in many cases, are intermixed with inflated cells often occurring in chains, while section Mucidula encompasses north temperate and subtropical taxa such as O. mucida, O. venosolamellata and O. submucida that have an ixohymeniderm-trichoderm pileipellis composed of more or less clavate terminal cells. Sections Oudemansiella and Mucidula share similar habitats and forms of basidiomata, i.e., with or without a (rudimentary) annulus on the stipe and growing on exposed rotten wood. Section Dactylosporina accommodates species from South and Central America with basidiospores that have finger-like ornamentation. Section Radicatae, represented by O. radicata and its allies, is the largest section and includes the remaining species of the genus in its restricted sense. Oudemansiella americana, O. caussei and O. hongoi, previously treated in O. sect. Albotomentosae or Xerula sect. Hyalosetae, are excluded from Oudemansiella in this treatment because preliminary data indicate that they represent a segregate genus. Section Mucidula, 32 combinations and 1 name are newly proposed.
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 14-19.
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    Forty-five isolates of dematiaceous hyphomycetes belonging to 34 species in 19 genera were obtained from 24 soil samples collected from eight counties in the area of Yellow River source. Of these, Scolecobasidium longisporum and Veronaea gobica are new species. A new combination, Arthrinium arundinis is made. A supplementary description is given to Phialophora cinerescens, which has not been fully described from China. The other 31 taxa previously reported from China are also listed. Dried and living cultures of all the fungi studied have been deposited in the Herbarium of Shandong Agricultural University: Plant Pathology (HSAUP).
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 20-24.
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    Sixty-three isolates of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes belonging to 25 species in 14 genera were found from 24 soil samples in the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai province. Among them, Monodictys qaidamensis and Stachybotrys variabilis are new species. Brief descriptions and illustrations for the new taxa are given. The other 23 species previously reported from China are also listed. Dried and living cultures of all fungi studied have been deposited in the Herbarium of Shandong Agricultural University: Plant Pathology (HSAUP).
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 25-28.
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    Seven species of Phellinidium were reported from China. Phellinidium fragrans from Changbaishan Nature Reserve, northeastern China is newly reported for China and is characterized by its resupinate and perennial basidiocarps with fragrant odour, smallest basidiospores in the genus, and the presence of conidia in the subiculum. The illustrated description of the species is given based on the Chinese material. A key to the Chinese species of the genus is given, and statistical variations of spore dimensions of each species are included in the key.
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 29-35.
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    Three lignicolous corticioid fungi: Phanerochaete australis, P. calotricha and P. stereoides, were recently collected from Henan, Jilin and Hubei Province respectively. P. australis and P. calotricha are newly recorded from China, and P. stereoides is the first report in the Mainland of China. Illustrated descriptions of these species are given according to present studied. A key to the 19 species known from China is provided.
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 36-43.
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    This is the first report of the lignicolous fungi from eastern Lesser Hinggan Mts. of Heilongjiang Province. 105 species of polypores and 19 species of corticoid fungi were identified based on 416 collected samples. Among them, one hydnaceous fungus, Mucronella calva, is newly recorded from China. An illustrated description of this species is given based on the Chinese material. Two alphabetical checklists of these 124 lignicolous fungi with substrate and collecting data are given.
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 44-48.
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    The knowledge of the genus Antrodia in China is summarized, and 19 species in the genus were found. A key to the Chinese species with spore dimensions is given. A. oleracea was newly found in China, and it is characterized by its fragile to brittle basidiocarps, almost a monomitic hyphal system, and cylindrical to slightly fusiform basidiospores. Antrodia oleracea is very closely related to A. infirma by sharing similar hyphal system and basidiospores, however, it usually grows on angiosperm wood and occurs in subtropics, while A. infirma on gymnosperm wood, and in temperate area. The illustrated description of A. oleracea is given based on the Chinese material.
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 49-55.
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    Pleospora betae, P. pelvetiae, P. spartinae and P. vitalbae are reported from collections on intertidal wood from the Yellow Sea coast of China. Pleospora pelvetiae is a new record for China. Pleospora betae and P. vitalbae are reported for the first time from marine environments in the world and in China respectively. Plespora spartinae has previously been reported from Hongkong. Specimens were deposited in the Mycology Reference Collection at Qingdao Agricultural University (MRCQAU).
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 56-59.
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    Three bolete species are discussed. Boletus sinensis is proposed as a new combination of Xerocomus sinensis, B. borneensis is excluded from bolete flora of China, and B. brevitubus is synonymous to Phlebopus marginatus. Redescriptions are given for each species.
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 60-63.
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    Two species of entomogenous Aschersonia, Aschersonia turbinata and Aschersonia blumenaviensis, collected from Wuyi Mountains in Fujian Province, are newly recorded from China. Aschersonia turbinata is different from other species in Aschersonia by its yellowish-white subcylindric stromata when fresh, irregular pycnidia produced in one or more flat or concave disks on a more or less bulbose base and fusoid conidia with conical tips. Aschersonia blumenaviensis was originally described from Brazil, it may be confused with Aschersonia flavocitrina by sharing same stromatic color (lemon-yellow), however, the latter species has larger spores (12–18 × 2μm) and longer paraphyses (140–180μm). The illustrated descriptions of the two entomogenous fungi are provided on the basis of Chinese materials.
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 64-72.
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    Fungal sporulation is separated from its vegetative growth. In this paper a novel two-stage cultivation method is described to determine fungal nutrition requirements for maximizing spore production. In this method, the fungus is first cultured on agar to grow vegetatively for 4d, and then transferred to a new nutritionally defined medium, where it sporulates for 4d. The effects of media nutrients on spore production were compared using the new method vs. traditional continuous cultivation for six fungi with biological control potential Paecilomyces lilacinus, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium lecanii, and Trichoderma viride. The two methods did not differ for P. lilacinus or M. anisopliae but differ for the other fungi. In particular, B. bassiana and P. chlamydosporia required different nutrients to produce large numbers of spores with continuous vs. two-stage cultivation. Spore production by L. lecanii differed greatly between the two cultivation methods when sucrose and yeast extract were as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. It was revealed yeast extract supported abundant sporulation of T. viride by two-stage cultivation. Based on the new method, T. viride produced the most spores when the medium contained 2g carbon/L, C:N=10:1, and cellobiose/yeast as the carbon/nitrogen sources.
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 73-78.
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    Five new Chinese records, Glomus spinuliferum, Acaulospora colossica, Intraspora schenckii, Paraglomus brasilianum, and Scutellospora dipapillosa were found in a survey of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Prunus mume in China. They were redescribed and illustrated based on the Chinese materials. These specimens were stored in the Herbarium Mycologicum Academiae Sinicae (HMAS) in Beijing.
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 79-85.
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    Strains X2WZ07-4 and G2WZ06-1 isolated from rotten wood collected from the tropical rainforests in Hainan Island were revealed to represent two new anamorphic, ascomycetous yeast species by molecular taxonomic characterization. Sequence analysis from the 26S rRNA gene D1/D2 domain showed that strains X2WZ07-4 and G2WZ06-1 were closely related with Candida cylindracea and C. llanquihuensis, respectively. The two strains differed from their closest described relatives by 2.5% to 3.9% mismatches, indicating that they represent two novel species. Since sexual states were not observed in the cultures of the two strains in various media, two anamorphic names Candida pseudocylindracea sp. nov. (type strain X2WZ07-4T = AS 2.3788T = CBS 10854T) and C. wuzhishanensis sp. nov. (type strain G2WZ06-1T = AS 2.3784T = CBS 10850T) are proposed for them, respectively.
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 86-91.
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    Fifty-two myxomycete taxa from the Mid-Upper Reaches of the Bailong River were listed in the present paper. Of them, 3 species are new to China. They are Craterium paraguayenese (Speg.) G. Lister, Diderma montanum (Meyl.) Meyl. and Physarum bitectum G. Lister. 34 species are new to Gansu Procince.
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 92-96.
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    Five species of Bulbothrix and two species of Relicina are recognized for mainland China. Of these Bulbothrix goebelii, B. tabacina, Relicina abstrusa and R. sydneyensis are reported from China’s mainland for the first time, although they have been previously recorded in Hong Kong and/or Taiwan I. Bulbothrix yunnana is endemic to China.
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 97-101.
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    Eighteen species of the lichen genus Ramalina are reported from northwestern China. Two species are new to China, and twelve species are new to northwestern China. Descriptions and illustrations of the new records, R. chihuahuana and R. complanata, are provided.
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 102-105.
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    Nine species are reported as an addendum to the lichen flora of Mount Taibai in Qinling Mountains of northwestern China. Anaptychia runcinata, Lobaria quercizans and Physconia americana are new to China. The descriptions of the 3 new records are briefly given based on Chinese collections.
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 106-111.
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    Six taxa of the lichen genus Fulgensia are reported from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Three species, Fulgensia australis, F. desertorum and F. schistidii are reported for the first time from China. Morphological, anatomical, chemical and ecological characteristics of each species are studied. A key and the photographs of each species are provided.
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 112-119.
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    This study is aiming at clarifying the differences in the content of phenolic compounds between Phaeoporus obliquus grown in natural habitats and that in continuously stirring tank reactor (CSTR) under different conditions and their effects on tolerance for atmospheric hypoxia and swimming in lead-treated mice. P. obliquus grown in natural habitats produces mainly soluble melanins and hispidin analogs (HA), containing 12.1% and 42.2% of the total phenolic compounds (TP), respectively, while that grown in CSTR accumulates predominantly flavonoid aglycones, accounting for 35.5% of TP in control medium, 92.5% in H2O2-added medium and 76.9% in H2O2-abutin-added medium. Melanins in control medium reached 20.2% of TP, but those from the media with H2O2 addition or simultaneous addition of H2O2 and arbutin were less synthesized. Oral administration of phenolic compounds from the fungus grown in its natural habitats and CSTR all extended 12–15min for tolerating atmospheric hypoxia and swimming in lead-treated mice. Oral treatment of these compounds also enhanced viability of peripheral lymphocytes and the activity of T-SOD, but reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) in lead-treated mice. Thus enhanced tolerance for hypoxia and swimming might be attributed to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and enhanced expression of SOD by TP from the fungus grown both in natural habitats and CSTR, and thereby protecting cells and organs in mice from lead-induced oxidative damage.
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 120-128.
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    This study evaluated the effect of selenium-enriched fermentation mycelia of C. comatus (SMCC) on reducing oxidative stress and hyperglycemia in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. After induction of diabetes, a significant increase of the levels of blood glucose and lipid peroxidation associated with the diminution of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was observed in all diabetic mice. Treatment of diabetic mice with SMCC for 21 days resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose and the injuries of pancreas. In addition, a significant increase in the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and a significant decrease in the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in serum, liver and kidney. The results showed that SMCC might be able to inhibit hyperglycemia, and helpful in the prevention of diabetic complications associated with oxidative damage. It is concluded that SMCC possesses potent antioxidant activity, which may be directly or indirectly responsible for inhibiting hyperglycemia of alloxan-induced diabetic mice.
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 129-137.
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    Melanogenesis is a key secondary metabolic process in the fungus Phaeoporus obliquus grown in natural habitats and laboratory conditions, and an overproduction of melanins reduces accumulation of other phenolic compounds. In this study, a melanin-deficient mutant of P. obliquus grown in submerged cultures was investigated for the production phenolic compounds in the presence of jasmonic acid (JA) and H2O2. The maximum level of total phenolics (MTP) produced reached 317.45mg/L. These consisted of benzoate derivatives (BD) (45.3mg/L), flavonoid aglycones (FAG) (74.4mg/L), glycosylated flavonoids (GF) (160mg/L) and hispidin analogs (HA) (18.5mg/L). With JA addition, MTP production increased to 620.45mg/L, with this increase mainly due to higher production of BD and FAG which reached 230.26mg/L and 166.86mg/L respectively. On the other hand GF and HA production fell to 98.5mg/L and 7.1mg/L, respectively. Exposure of mycelium to H2O2 reduced MTP levels to 315.69mg/L. Thus, compared to those in the wild-type, the accumulation of phenolic compounds increased after melanogenesis deletion, and was enhanced further by JA addition. Though H2O2 enhanced phenylalanine lyase (PAL) activity, MTP levels fell probably from their consumption for H2O2 detoxification.
  • Papers
  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 138-140.
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  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 141-142.
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  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 143-144.
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  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 145-147.
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  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 148-150.
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  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 151-153.
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  • Mycosystema. 2009, 28(1): 154-156.
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