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22 August 2016, Volume 35 Issue 8
    

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    Orginal Article
  • Fei REN, Wen-Ying ZHUANG
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2016, 35(8): 901-905. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.150249
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    Collections of the helotialean fungi from different regions of China were examined. A new genus, Sinocalloriopsis typified by S. guttulata, is discovered from Hainan Province. The combination of sessile apothecia with gelatinized excipular tissues of light-colored cells and hyphae, fusoid ascospores with a row of guttules, and capitate paraphysis apices distinguishes this fungus from any existing genera of the family Helotiaceae. Descriptions and illustrations of Sinocalloriopsis and its type species are provided. Distinctions between the type species of the genus and its morphologically similar taxa are discussed.

  • Zong-Qi LIANG, Wan-Hao CHEN, Jian-Dong LIANG, Yan-Feng HAN, Xiao ZOU
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2016, 35(8): 906-917. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.150069
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    Some soldier ant specimens infected by synnematous fungi with different synnemata were collected from an ant nest of Ponera sp. These specimens were Polycephalomyces ramosus XCH-ant-706, XCH-ant-L3 and XCH-ant-8. Both XCH-ant-706 and XCH-ant-L3 have an Akanthomyces-like synanamorph, and XCH-ant-8 has an Acremonium-like one. These three specimens obviously possessed synanamorphic polymorphism. A new cryptic species, Polycephalomyces ponerae was found. The new species had both types of synanamorph, Akanthomyces-like and Acremonium-like one. In addition, Hymenostilbe sp. XCH-ant-03 and Tilachlidium sp. XCH-ant-710 were isolated from the collections. Morphological identification, molecular phylogenetic tree and splits network analysis of sequences of rDNA ITS-5.8S supported that P. ponerae was a new member in the genus Polycephalomyces. The results also supported that morphological divergences of P. ramosus in the ant nest might be reflection of synanamorphic polymorphism.

  • Dan YU, Juan-Ni YAO, Zhen-Sheng KANG, Zhi-Min CAO
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2016, 35(8): 918-926. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.150073
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    The process of asexual development of Melampsora larici-populina on susceptible poplar leaves was investigated by fluorescence-staining technique associated with light and electron microscopy in detail. The observation showed that during the early phase of infection (within 12 hours post-inoculation, hpi), urediniospores germinated to produce germ tubes on poplar leaf surface, then penetrated the leaf stomata, formed substomatal vesicles and intercellular infection hyphae. After entering into the period of biotrophic growth (from 24 hpi to 96 hpi), the number of haustoria increased for nutrient acquisition and intercellular infection hyphae grew extensively into colonial structures in the intercellular space of foliar mesophyll. Finally, urediniospores differentiated from the sporogenous cells gathered into the uredinia under the leaf epidermis, and the uredinia erupted from the leaf epidermis when matured during the phase of uredinial formation (after 120 hpi).

  • Xue LI, Jing JIN, Bao-Hua LI, Cai-Xia WANG, Xiang-Li DONG, Cui-Cui WANG
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2016, 35(8): 927-938. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.150091
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    Using traditional tissue isolation method, community structure and temporal dynamics of fungi from bagging fruits and un-bagging fruits were investigated in apple orchards in Haiyang in 2011, and Penglai and Qixia in 2013. The isolated fungi were identified according to morphology and ITS sequences. Species richness, colony number, colonized ratio, diversity index, coefficient of similarity and isolation frequency of fungi in cuticles of bagging fruits, core of bagging fruits, cuticles of un-bagging fruits and core of bagging fruits were calculated and analyzed. The investigation showed that, within two years, 43 and 31 genera of fungus were isolated from cuticle and core of apple fruits respectively. Alternaria spp., Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium spp. and Penicillium spp. showed higher isolation frequencies. Species richness and diversity index of the fungi colonized on cuticles decreased while tissue colonized ratio and colony number increased after fruit bagging. Coefficient of similarity of species richness of the fungi colonized on cuticles of bagged and un-bagged fruits decreased gradually with growing of apples. Species richness of fungi colonized on bagged fruit cuticles significantly decreased at July and August. Only a few dominant fungi, such as Alternaria spp., can be found on cuticle of bagged fruits at the end of August. Species richness and colony number of fungi colonized in the core of fruits maintain a stable level in long term after fruit bagging. Coefficient of similarity of fungus species richness in the core of bagged and un-bagged fruits decreased with an unobvious variation. There was no significant difference in species richness and colony number of fungi isolated from the core of fruits between the end of May and September.

  • Zhao-Shan JIA, Hong-Miao SHEN, Zheng-Nan LI, Xing-Jiao KANG, Jia-Yao YANG, Long-Xian RAN
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2016, 35(8): 939-945. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.150243
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    The vitality and pathogenicity of sporangia of Plasmopara viticola after being dried at different temperature for 36h is detected by using methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) staining and dropping inoculation bioassay. The single factor test and orthogonal design are performed to optimize the staining conditions of MTT in detecting the vitality of sporangia of P. viticola. It is found that the optimal staining condition of P. viticola sporangia is 48h dyeing treatment at 36°C in 0.05% MTT solution, with a staining rate of 83.0%. The vitality of P. viticola sporangia is significantly improved after drying treatment at 20°C for 36h, and the percentage of blue-stained sporangia is 79.3%, and the disease incidence of grape leaves is 98.9%, being significantly higher as compared with the control with blue staining rate of 52.0%, and disease incidence of 62.7%. The percentage of blue-stained sporangia is positively correlated with the disease incidence, with a formula as y=1.276 1x-1.939 1, R2=0.996 1. It can be concluded that MTT staining method is applicable to a rapid detection of the vitality of P. viticola sporangia.

  • Shuo-Hong ZHOU, Ying-Yue SHEN, Wei-Ming CAI, Qun-Li JIN, Li-Jun FAN, Ting-Ting SONG, Wei-Lin FENG, Xiao-Hua ZHANG
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2016, 35(8): 946-955. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.150142
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    The CSL (CBF1/RBP-Jκ/suppressor of hairless/LAG-1) transcription factor family members play a critical role in fungal development and cell differentiation. In previous study, an EST (the expressed sequence tag) representing part of csl sequence from Pleurotus pulmonarius was obtained from a SSH (suppressive subtractive hybridization) cDNA library related to change-temperature fruiting. In the present study, the full-length sequence of the candidate gene was cloned by TAIL PCR (thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR) based on the known sequences, designated as Ppcsl-1. The complete cDNA sequence of Ppcsl-1 was cloned by 5’ and 3’ RACE (rapid-amplification of cDNA ends). Sequence analysis showed that the cDNA coding region of Ppcsl-1 contains 2 991bp nucleotides that encode a protein (so-called PpCSL-1) consisted of 996 amino acids. A phylogenetic analysis indicates that PpCSL-1 and PoCSL shared a highest homology among the CSLs from basidiomycetes. The real-time quantitative PCR revealed that Ppcsl-1 showed the highest expression level at the mycelia after 12h cold stimulation at 5°C across all the developmental phases of P. pulmonarius. These results suggested that the Ppcsl-1 gene could be induced by cold stimulation and might play role on initiation of a series of developmental events of fruiting-body formation.

  • Ding-Feng WANG, Liang-De LI, Hou-Jun TIAN, Qing-Sen WANG, Guang-Yuan WU
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2016, 35(8): 956-964. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.150223
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    By screening the transcriptome database using local Blast method, the full length cDNA sequence of gene hsp90 was isolated from Isaria cateniannulata, and named as Ichsp90 (GenBank accession No. KT944289). The cDNA sequence of Ichsp90 was 2 284bp, including an open reading frame of 2 097bp encoding a polypeptide of 699 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 79.23kDa and pI of 4.86. The amino acid sequence contained five motif sequences of Hsp90 family and a C-terminal cytoplasmic character sequence (MEEVD). Sequence alignment indicated that IcHsp90 shared 92%-96% identity with Hsp90 sequences reported in other filamentous fungi. A qRT-PCR analysis showed that under cold stress (4°C), the expression level of Ichsp90 gene reached the minimum (-1.8 times of the control) in 15 minutes, and then increased. It reached 1.07 times over the control in 120 minutes. Under heat shock treatment (39°C), the expression level of Ichsp90 gene reached the maximum level (5.02 times of the control) in 60 minutes, and then decreased gradually. It reached the minimum (2.46 times of the control) in 110 minutes. It is inferred therefore that the Ichsp90 gene might play an important role in resistance to extreme ambient temperature stress of I. cateniannulata.

  • Qi SUN, Wei HUANG, Hai-Ying BAO, Tolgor BAU, Yu LI
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2016, 35(8): 965. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.150138
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    The anti-tumor and anti-oxidation activities of solid fermentation product of Fomitopsis pinicola in Hepatoma 22 (H22) tumor-bearing mice were studied. The inhibition rate, thymus and spleen index, IL-2, IFN-r, VEGF, SOD, MDA, CAT and GSH-PX were measured. The results showed that the inhibition rate of high and moderate dose of the product were 66.66% and 64.70% respectively , showing good activities of anti-tumor (P<0.01) as compared with the negative group. The HE section observation showed necrosis in H22 cells was induced by solid fermentation product with high, moderate and low doses. The content of serum IL-2 and IFN-r under the treatment of high and low dose of the product was significantly increased as compared with the control. In addition, high, moderate and low dose of the product could reduce the level of MDA, and increase the levels of SOD, CAT and GSH-PX. It is proved that solid fermentation product of F. pinicola has potential of anti-tumor and anti-oxidation in vivo.

  • Fei LIU, Wei-Jiang SUN, Yan HUANG, Heng WANG, Ya-Bin HUANG
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2016, 35(8): 975-983. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.150154
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    In order to exclude others microorganism, Eurotium cristatum was inoculated into white tea artificially. Changes of taste compounds were analyzed by HPLC and SP. It was found that bitter taste compounds epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) decreased significantly, while epigallocatechin (EGC), Asp, His, caffeine and kaempferol significantly increased. EGCG may transform into gallocatechin gallate (GCG) during the sterilization step and both coexist with same contents. The content of bitter taste compounds could decrease during E. cristatum fermentation process, bringing about a new flavor and enriching the variety of white tea.

  • Guang-Zhi ZHANG, Xin-Jian ZHANG, Cheng-Yun LI, Hong-Mei LI, Zhe LI, He-Tong YANG
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2016, 35(8): 984-993. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.150132
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    Seven Trichoderma species, T. crassum, T. mediterraneum, T. oblongisporum, T. paraviridescens, T. polysporum, T. trixiae and T. viridescens, are firstly recorded in China. T. crassum was isolated from Shanghai; T. mediterraneum, T. oblongisporum, T. polysporum and T. trixiae were isolated from Xinjiang; T. paraviridescens and T. viridescens were isolated from Sichuan. All these species are identified by analysis of internal transcribed spacer regions of the rRNA gene cluster (ITS), partial sequences of transcription extension factor 1-alpha (tef1) and observation of morphological characteristics.

  • Wen-Tao QIN, Kai CHEN, Wen-Ying ZHUANG
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2016, 35(8): 994-1007. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.150168
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    Collections of Trichoderma from different regions of China were examined. Five Trichoderma species, T. alni, T. floccosum, T. parapiluliferum, T. priscilae and T. songyi, are new to China. Descriptions and illustrations of these fungi are provided based on observations of the Chinese materials. Their taxonomic positions are confirmed by sequence analyses of the combined RNA polymerase II subunit b and translation elongation factor 1 alpha genes. In addition, T. paraviridescens and T. simmonsii are shown to be widely distributed in China.

  • Wen-Tao QIN, Wen-Ying ZHUANG
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2016, 35(8): 1008-1017. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.150230
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    Collections of Trichoderma on decaying wood from Heilongjiang Province were examined. Three species, T. auranteffusum, T. pyramidale and T. thelephoricola, are new to China. Descriptions and illustrations of these fungi are provided. Their taxonomic positions are confirmed by phylogenetic analyses of the combined sequences of RNA polymerase II subunit b and translation elongation factor 1-alpha genes.

  • Xiang-Yu LI, Ji-Wen XIA, Shu-Yan LIU, Xiu-Guo ZHANG
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2016, 35(8): 1018-1021. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.150095
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    Three species of hyphomycetes are reported as new records for China: Exochalara guadalcanalensis, Monilochaetes regenerans and Catenularia piceae. The specimens are deposited in HSAUP (Herbarium of the Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China).