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22 July 2018, Volume 37 Issue 7
    

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    Orginal Article
  • Jiang-Chun WEI
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2018, 37(7): 812-818. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.180135
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    A short review of the lichenology in China is given by the present paper. A concept about the lichen systematic biology with three systems of storage and retrieval as a bridge between biodiversity in the nature and exploration of lichen resources is emphasized. The significance of lichen species and genes in desert biological carpet engineering is discussed. The secret that lichen doesn′t produce secondary metabolites is uncovered, and a new way to solve it has been found.

  • Mei-Xia YANG, Xin-Yu WANG, Dong LIU, Yan-Yun ZHANG, Li-Juan LI, An-Cheng YIN, Li-Song WANG
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2018, 37(7): 819-837. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.180046
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    Utilization of edible and medicinal lichen in China has a long history. Textual research of Chinese ancient and modern literatures and investigation of folk usages proved that lichen species used as medicine in China totalled 130 species belonging to 16 families and 43 genera, and as food 31 species belonging to seven families and 14 genera. A proposal concerning protection of the species with narrow distribution in special ecological environment, having important scientific significance is put forward.

  • Cong-Cong MIAO, Xin-Yu WANG, Scheidegger CHRISTOPH, Li-Song WANG, Zun-Tian ZHAO
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2018, 37(7): 838-848. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.180018
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    Eight hundred and thirty specimens of cyanobacterial Lobaria from Hengduan Mountains were examined morphologically and chemically. Eighteen new nuclear ITS sequences were generated and a phylogeny based on ITS sequences is presented. Three species of Lobaria are described as new to science: L. hengduanensis, L. irrugulosa and L. latilobulata. L. hengduanensis can be recognized by its soredioid isidia; L. imrugulosa is characterized by its indistinct reticulately ridged upper side of the thallus; L. latilobulata differs from other species of the genus in having wide and rounded tips of lobes. These new species formed independent clades on the ITS phylogenetic tree. A key to the cyanobacterial species of Lobaria from China is presented.

  • Dong LIU, Bernard GOFFINET, Xin-Yu WANG, Jae-Seoun HUR, Hai-Xia SHI, Yan-Yun ZHANG, Mei-Xia YANG, Li-Juan LI, An-Cheng YIN, Li-Song WANG
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2018, 37(7): 849-864. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.170246
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    Several specimens of basidiolichen belonging to the Hygrophoraceae were collected as part of the China lichen mycota. These belong to four species in two genera, Dictyonema and Lichenomphalia. Dictyonema yunnanum is described as new and Lichenomphalia velutina is newly recorded for Asia based on inferences from morphological, chemical and phylogenetic analysis. Dictyonema yunnanum is characterized by the dark aeruginous blue to black filamentous, ascending to erect, micro-fruticulose thallus. The species of lichenized Hygrophoraceae occurring in China are described and a key to distinguish them is presented.

  • Qiang REN, Li-Hua ZHANG
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2018, 37(7): 865-880. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.180044
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    The present studies of the genus Circinaria in northern China were based on morphological, chemical and ecological characters. More than 400 specimens collected from eleven provinces in northern China were examined. Twelve species are recognized. Six new combinations in the genus Circinaria are presented. Aspicilia maculata f. subochracea is upgraded to species level. Circinaria hispida and C. schafeevii are new records to China. Lecanora tortuosa var. ferruginea, L. tortuosa var. simplicior and L. tortuosa var. perfecta are synonymized with Circinaria tortuosa. Illustrations and an identification key to the species known in Northern China are provided.

  • Ze-Feng JIA, Lücking ROBERT, Jian LI, Qing-Feng MENG
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2018, 37(7): 881-895. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.180062
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    As part of a revision of the lichen family Graphidaceae in China, a treatment of 16 species of the genus Fissurina is presented. Among these, three species, viz. F. consentanea, F. globulifica and F. insidiosa, are new records for China. Four synonyms are suggested: Fissurina isidiata Z.F. Jia [= Platythecium dimorphodes (Nyl.) Staiger], Fissurina marginata Staiger [= Fissurina elaocarpa (A.W. Archer) A.W. Archer], Graphis canlaonensis Vain. (=Fissurina consentanea Nyl.) and Graphis glauca Müll. Arg. (=Fissurina dumastii Müll. Arg.). Descriptions and known distribution are given for each species. A revised key for the identification of Fissurina species so far known from China is presented.

  • Li-Li FAN, Shou-Yu GUO, Liu-Fu HAN
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2018, 37(7): 896-906. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.180071
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    Seven species of Cladonia were collected from the Greater Khingan Mountains, Northeast China. The endolichenic fungi associated with them were isolated by using the scraping cortex method and 90 strains were obtained from 710 pieces for 15 samples. The average colonization rate was 12.68% (2.86%-32.76%). There was no obvious corresponding relationship between the Cladonia species and its colonization rate. Based on morphological characteristics of colony, hyphae and conidia, 30 strains were selected as representatives and the ITS sequences of them were obtained and analyzed. According to the cultural colony characteristics and ITS sequences, these strains were identified as 19 taxa belonging to 15 genera, eleven families, eight orders, and five classes in three phyla. Xylariaceae was the dominant family, accounting for 77.78% of all strains. Hypoxylon fuscum was the dominant species, accounting for 62.22%. The Shannon-Wiener and Simpson diversity index values of the fungal community for every Cladonia species and overall demonstrated that there was moderate endolichenic fungal species diversity in Cladonia with obvious host specificity.

  • AHAT Parida, ABBAS Abdulla, TUMUR Anwar
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2018, 37(7): 907-918. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.180028
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    A comprehensive research on lichen taxonomy and ecology of the macrolichens around the Bogda Mountains was conducted. Species diversity and distribution characteristics were analyzed and the environmental variables and ecological factors affecting macrolichens distribution were discussed. Totally 43 species of marcolichens in 15 genera, 11 family and 6 orders were found. Among them, species of the Lecanorales and Teloschistales were dominant, accounted for 81%, 67% and 55% of the sum total of species, genera and families, respectively. Five groups were recognized, they are: Physcia caesia + Xanthoria lobulata, Xanthoria candelaria + Physconia perisidiosa, Physcia tenella + Xanthoparmelia somloensis, Peltigera rufescens + Phaeophyscia sciastra and Phaeophyscia hispidula + Cladonia coniocraea. Elevation has a more significant impact on the species distribution pattern. This study provides scientific evidence for accurately determining the ecological relationship and the distribution pattern of macrolichens in Bogda Mountains.

  • Su LI, Shuai LIU, Wen-Yao LIU, Xian-Meng SHI, Liang SONG, Chuan-Sheng WU
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2018, 37(7): 919-930. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.180041
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    Epiphytic lichens are an important component of epiphytes and show extreme sensitivity to environmental changes in subtropical montane forests. To understand the response of epiphytic lichens to forest edge effects, 16 plots at 5m, 25m, 50m, and 100m from the edge in four edge-interior transects were established in a primary montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Ailao Mountains of Yunnan. Within each plot, epiphytic macrolichen litterfall was collected over one year and the differences in biomass, species diversity and community structure were compared. It was indicated that there was a positive effect of edge environments on the species diversity and biomass accumulation of epiphytic macrolichen litterfall in the plots within 25m from the edge. Epiphytic lichen groups also showed various responses to edge effects. Ordination analysis showed that there was a significant difference in species composition between the 5m plots and the other plots while indicator species analysis revealed significant indicators only occurred in 5m plots. The positive effect of forest edge on the epiphytic lichens in the Ailao Mountains may be due to the high-light damage largely weakened by the high humidity and the small thalli of dominant foliose and fruticose macrolichen species being potentially less prone to mechanical damage destroyed by wind-force.

  • Shuai LIU, Su LI, Wen-Yao LIU
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2018, 37(7): 931-939. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.180043
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    Transplanting experiments of six species of epiphytic macrolichens were carried out in Ailao Mountains for two-year. The differences of health rate and biomass growth rate of the lichens among three habitats, primeval forest interior, forest edge and open land, were compared. The relationship between lichen growth and environmental factors were also detected. It was found that the biomass of Lobaria retigera and Sticta nylanderiana increased most rapidly in the forest edge, while Sulcaria sulcata, Usnea florida, Nephromopsis pallescens and Lobaria isidiophora grew best at the open land with strongest light and lower humidity. The health rates of the lichens were higher in the open land, relatively lower in forest edge, and lowest in the forest interior, except for Lobaria retigera. Non-parametric correlation analysis showed that the growth rate of the six lichen species was positively correlated with light and temperature, and negatively correlated with atmospheric humidity. Temperature and light are the most important factors affecting the growth of epiphytic lichens.

  • Shuang JIANG, Yu-Xiang MA, Hai-Ying BAO
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2018, 37(7): 940-949. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.180040
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    Two benzoquinone compounds with strong in vitro cytotoxic activity isolated from Dolichousnea longissima were used as the experimental materials. The techniques of affymetrix gene chip, GO classification, pathway analysis, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were adopted. The differentially expressed genes of the liver cancer cell line HepG2 before and after treatments of the two compounds were analyzed and verified. The results show that 728 genes (246 up-regulated and 484 down-regulated expression genes) that were significantly altered were screened out by means of (Z)-2-acetyl-5,5-bis [(7-acetyl-4,6-dihydroxy- 3,5-diphenylfuran-2-yl)]-4-hydroxy-2,4-pentadiene-1-aldehyde. The signal pathways associated with the tumors were involved in cell cycle signaling pathway, endocytosis signaling pathway, signal transduction pathway in cancer cells, prostate cancer signaling pathway, p53 signal pathway and colorectal cancer signaling pathway by the use of PATHWAY analysis. The GO classification showed that the differential genes were involved in 266 BP classes, 68 CC classes and 43 MF classes. By using 4-[3-(7-acetyl-4,6-dihydroxy- 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl)]-4-[2-7-acetyl-4,6-dihydroxy-3, 5-dimethylbenzofuranyl)]-3-oxobutanoate, 112 genes (8 up-regulated and 104 down-regulated expression genes) that were significantly altered were screened out. PATHWAY analysis indicated the signaling pathway associated with the tumor had cell cycle signaling pathway and endocytosis signaling pathway, and GO classification showed that the differential genes were involved in 109 BP classes, 48 CC classes and 15 MF classes. The results suggest that the above two diphenyfuran compounds can change the tumor suppressor gene through affecting both the cell cycle signaling pathway and endocytosis signaling pathway.

  • Li-Song WANG, Meng-Meng LIANG, Xin-Yu WANG, Mei-Xia YANG
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2018, 37(7): 950-953. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.170265
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    Definitions of the word “diyi” (lichen) in Chinese were investigated, and ancient books appeared from 2100 BC till AD 1912 were consulted; The concept that “diyi” is a symbiont was first proposed in 1858 in the book titled “Zhi Wu Xue” (botany) compiled by Li Shan-Lan et al.

  • ABBAS Abdulla, NURTAI Lazzat
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2018, 37(7): 954-961. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.180042
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    Three new records of lichen genus Acarospora (Acarosporaceae) are reported from China, viz. Acarospora obpallen (Nyl. ex Hasse) Zahlbr., A. rosulata (Th. Fr.) H. Magn. and A. aeginaica H. Magn. The specimens were collected from Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. Morphological description, figures, ITS and mtSSU sequences are provided for each species. The materials are deposited in the Herbarium of Lichen Research Center in Arid Zones of Northwestern China of Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (XJU-NALH).