编号
No. | 生物种
Biological species | 形态特征
Morphological characteristics | 地理分布
Geographical distribution | 参考文献
References | 菌环
Annulus | 配合型
Mating types | 菌盖
Pileus | 担子
Basidia | 担孢子
Basidiospore | 根状菌索
Rhizomorph | | | | 1 | 蜜环菌
A. mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. [=Agaricus melleus Vahl] | + | 异宗配合
Heterothallism | 直径长达
90mm,从凸很快扩展到平凸,甚至变平
Up to 90mm, convex soon expanded to become plano-convex or even plane. | 四孢型,没有锁状联合
Four-spored, without clamp connection. | 2-8.9×5.6-6.7μm,宽椭圆形,有小水滴状斑点,表面光滑
2-8.9×5.6-6.7μm, broadly ellipsoid, guttulate, apparently smooth. | 带状,二叉分枝
Belt-shaped, dichotomous. | 欧洲,北美,非洲,中国,朝鲜,伊朗
Europe, North America, Africa, China, Korea, Iran | Ullrich & Anderson 1987; Watling et al. 1982 | | 2 | 高卢蜜环菌
A. gallica Marxm. & Romagn. [=A. bulbosa (Barla) Kile & Watling=A. luten Gillet] | + | 异宗配合
Heterothallism | 直径
1.8-5.5cm,从凸到平凸,最后变成平的中间略凹
1.8-5.5cm diam., convex then plano-convex and finally plane to slightly umbilicate. | 四孢型,棍棒状,有锁状联合
Four-spored, clavate, with a clamp connection. | 3.8-5×7-10.3μm,全部为白色,宽椭圆形到卵形,光滑,透明
3.8-5×7-10.3μm, spores ivory in mass, broadly ellipitical to ovate, smooth, hyaline. | 圆柱状,顶端尖锐,单轴分枝,黑棕色到黑色
Cylindrical, and sharp tips with monopodial branches, dark brown to black. | 欧洲,北美,非洲,日本,中国,朝鲜,伊朗
Europe, North America, Africa, Japan, China, Korea, Iran | Cha et al. 1992 | | | | | | | | | | | 待续 | | | | | | | | | | | 续表1 | | 3 | 奥氏蜜环菌
A. ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink [= A． solidipes Peck] | + | 异宗配合
Heterothallism | 直径4-14cm,初时半球钟形或钝的圆锥形,之后平凸,最后变平
4-14cm diam., hemispherical- companulate or obtusely conic, then plano-convex and finally plane. | 四孢型,棍棒状,多数有锁状联合
Four-spored, clavate, usually with a clamp connection. | 5.2-7.5×7.5- 12.5μm,全部为白色,宽椭圆形到卵圆形,光滑,透明,有一个明显的细尖5.2-7.5×7.5- 12.5μm, spores ivory in mass, broadly elliptical to ovate, smooth, hyaline, with a distinct apiculus. | 扁平,条状,黑棕色,初时白色带有二叉分枝
Flat and belt-shaped in shade of dark brown and white at first with dichotomous branches. | 欧洲,北美,日本,中国,朝鲜
Europe, North America, Japan, China, Korea | Bérubé & Dessureault 1988; Cha et al. 1992 | | 4 | 头柄蜜环菌
A. cepistipes Velen. | + | 异宗配合
Heterothallism | 菌盖直径
20-100mm,边缘内卷,之后变直,内弯
20-100mm diam., margin involute, then straight, inflexed. | 四孢型,狭的棍棒状,有锁状联合
Four-spored, rather narrowly clavate, with a clamp connection. | 7.0-9.0(10)×4.5 -6.5(7.0)µm,多数宽椭圆形到近
球形
7.0-9.0(10)×4.5- 6.5(7.0)µm, mostly broadly ellipsoid to subglobose. | 横切面为典型的椭圆形
Rhizomorphs with a typical oval cross-section. | 欧洲,北美,日本,伊朗
Europe, North America, Japan, Iran | Antonín et al. 2009 | | 5 | 北方蜜环菌
A. borealis Maxm. & Korhonen | + | 异宗配合
Heterothallism | 直径3-10cm,初期半球形至扁半球形,后期扁平,四周鳞片稀少
3-10cm diam., hemispheric to flat hemispheric, then flat, few scales around. | 四孢型,基部有锁状联合
Four-spored, with a clamp connection. | 6-9×4.5-5μm,宽椭圆形,光滑,透明
6-9×4.5-5μm, broadly ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline. | 栗棕色
Maroon brown. | 欧洲,中国,伊朗
Europe, China, Iran | Korhonen 1978 | | | | | | | | | | | 待续 | | | | | | | | | | | 续表1 | | 6 | 假蜜环菌
A. tabescens (Scop.) Emel | – | 同宗配合
Homothallism | 直径2.8-8.5cm,幼时扁半球形,后渐平展,中部色深并有纤毛状小鳞片
2.8-8.5cm diam., flat hemispheric when young, later gradually flat. Central dark with fibrillous scales. | 棍棒状,有锁状 联合
Clavate, with a clamp connection. | (6.0)6.5-8.9 (8.5)×(3.5)4.0-5.5 (6.0)µm,椭圆形至长椭圆形,光滑,透明
(6.0)6.5-8.9 (8.5)µm×(3.5)4.0-5.5 (6.0)µm,
ellipsoid to oblong, smooth, hyaline. | 不致病
Nonpathogenic | 欧洲,北美,日本,中国
Europe, North America, Japan, China | Schnabel et al. 2005; Marxmuller 1992 | | 7 | 棘皮蜜环菌
A. ectypa (Fr.) Lamoure [=Agaricus ectypus Fr. =A. ectypa (Fr.) Herink= Armillariella ectypa (Fr.) Singer= Clitocybe ectypa (Fr.) Gillet= Omphalia ectypa (Fr.) Quél.] | – | 同宗配合
Homothallism | 直径
25-60(100)mm,凸到平凸,之后扁平,中央有深棕色小鳞片
25-60(100)mm diam., convex to plano-convex, later explanate with dark brown scales at center. | 四孢型,棍棒状
Four-spored, clavate. | (6.5)7.0-8.5(9.0)×(5.0)5.5- 6.5(7.0)µm,宽椭圆形到椭圆形
(6.5)7.0-8.5(9.0)×(5.0)5.5-6.5 (7.0)µm, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid. | 未见报道
Undescribed | 欧洲Europe | Stasińska 2015 | | | | | | | | | | | 待续 | | | | | | | | | | | 续表1 | | 8 | 双生蜜环菌
A. gemina Bérubé & Dessur. | + | 异宗配合
Heterothallism | 直径2-10cm,半球-钟状或钝的抛物线形,之后变凸,最后变平
2-10cm diam., hemispherical- campanulate or obtusely-parabolic, then convex and finally plane. | 四孢型,棍棒状,部分有锁状联合
Four-spored, clavate, some with a clamp connection. | 8.2-10×5.2-7μm,全部白色,宽椭圆形到卵圆形,光滑,顶尖
8.2-10×5.2-7μm, spores ivory in mass, broadly elliptical to ovate, smooth, apiculate. | 圆柱形,单轴分枝,顶端尖锐
Cylindrical with monopodial branches and sharp tips. | 北美
North America | Bérubé & Dessureault 1989 | | 9 | 光盖蜜环菌
A. calvescens Bérubé & Dessur. | + | 异宗配合
Heterothallism | 直径2-10cm,球状,凸到
平凸
2-10cm diam., globose, convex then plano-convex. | 四孢型,棍棒状,部分有锁状联合
Four-spored, clavate, some with a clamp connection. | 8.5-10×5-7μm,全部白色,宽椭圆形到卵圆形,光滑,顶尖
8.5-10×5-7μm, spores ivory in mass, broadly elliptical to ovate, smooth, apiculate. | 管状,有锐利的尖端,单轴
分枝
Tubular with sharp tips and monopodial branches. | 北美
North America | Bérubé & Dessureault 1989 | | 10 | 芥黄蜜环菌
A. sinapina Bérubé & Dessur. | + | 异宗配合
Heterothallism | 直径2-6cm,圆锥-钟形到钟形,凸到平凸
2-6cm diam., conical- campanulate to campanulate, convex then plano-convex. | 四孢型,棍棒状,部分有锁状联合
Four-spored, clavate, some with a clamp connection. | 5.9-8×8.2-10μm,全部白色,宽椭圆形到卵形,光滑,顶尖
5.9-8×8.2-10μm, spores ivory in mass, broadly elliptical to ovate, smooth, apiculate. | 管状带有锋利的尖,单轴分枝,浅棕色到深棕色
Tubular with sharp tips and monopodial, light brown to dark brown. | 北美,日本,中国
North America, Japan, China | Bérubé & Dessureaul 1988 | | | | | | | | | | | 待续 | | | | | | | | | | | 续表1 | | 11 | 第九蜜环菌
A. nabsnona T.J. Volk & Burds. | + | 异宗配合
Heterothallism | 直径4-7cm,初时凸状,后来
变平
4-7cm diam., at first convex, later plane. | 四孢型,棍棒状,有锁状联合
Four-spored, clavate, with a clamp connection. | (6-)8-10×5.5-6.5µm,全部白色,卵圆形到近球形
(6-)8-10×5.5 -6.5µm, white in mass; ovoid to subglobose. | 黑色,有分枝
Black, branched. | 北美,日本
North America, Japan | Volk et al. 1996 | | 12 | A. altimontana Brazee, B. Ortiz, Banik & D.L. Lindner | + | 异宗配合
Heterothallism | 直径可达3cm,平状,带有
鳞片
Up to 3cm diam., flat, with scales. | 四孢型,圆的棍棒状,无锁状联合
Four-spored, cylindro-clavate, without clamp connection. | 7.2-11.7×5.4 -6.3μm,宽椭圆形,光滑
7.2-11.7×5.4 -6.3μm, broadly elliptical, smooth. | 单轴分枝,薄,与基部连接处圆柱状
Monopodial, and thin, cylindrical on attached substrates. | 北美
North America | Brazee et al. 2012 | | 13 | A. heimii Pegler [=Clitocybe elegans R. Heim] | – | 异宗配合
Heterothallism | 4.5-5.2×3
-6.5mm,中央扁平,边缘弯曲
4.5-5.2×3-6.5mm diam., depressed at the centre, margin incurved. | 四孢型,棍棒状,常为薄壁
Four-spored, clavate, generally thin-walled. | 7.2-9×(4.4)5
-5.5μm,倒卵球形到有尖角的,光滑到稍不规则
7.2-9×(4.4)5-
5.5μm, obovoid to angular, smooth to very faintly irregular. | 未见报道
Undescribed. | 非洲
Africa | Kile & Watling 1988;
Pérez-Sierra et al. 2004;
Otieno & Termorshuizen 2003 | | 14 | A. fuscipes Petch | – | 同宗配合
Homothallism | 直径可达51mm（平均35mm）,凸状,之后变平
Up to 51mm (average 35mm) diam., convex later broadly plane. | 四孢型,棍棒状,薄壁,透明,担子底部无锁状联合
Four-spored, clavate, thin walled, hyaline, without clamp connection. | 7-12(9)×4-7(6)μm,卵圆形到椭圆形,顶部细尖,透明
7-12(9)×4-7(6)μm, elliptic-ovoid to elliptic-oblong, apiculated, hyaline. | 微红色到黑色,直径2-3mm
Reddish then black, 2-3mm diam. | 非洲
Africa | Coetaee et al. 2000 | | | | | | | | | | | 待续 | | | | | | | | | | | 续表1 | | 15 | A. mellea subsp. Nipponica J.Y. Cha & lgarashi [=A. mellea s. str.] | + | 同宗配合
Homothallism | 直径1.6-7.5cm,幼时突的圆锥状到凸状,之后平凸,最后成平
1.6-7.5cm in diam., abruptly conic to convex when young, planoconvex, finally plane. | 四孢型,棍棒状,基部无锁状联合
Four-spored, clavate, without clamp connection at the base. | 10-13.5×6-8μm,全部白色,近球形,宽椭圆形
10-13.5×6-8μm, white in mass, subglobose, broadly elliptic. | 带状,二叉分枝,有钝的尖端
Belt-shaped, dichotomous with obtuse tips. | 非洲,日本
Africa, Japan | Cha & Igarashi 1994, 1995a | | 16 | A. fellea (Hongo) Kile & Watling [=A. fellea Hongo] | + | 未见报道
Unknown | 边缘有棕色的非常小的鳞片
Very small brown scales at margin. | 四孢型,棍棒状,很少有锁状联合
Four-spored, clavate, rarely with a clamp connection. | 7.2-8.3(-8.8)×(4.4)-5.5μm,椭圆形到宽椭圆形,表面光滑
7.2-8.3(-8.8)×(4.4)-5.5μm, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, apparently smooth. | 未见报道
Undescribed | 巴布亚新几内亚
Papua New Guinea | Kile & Watling 1988 | | 17 | A. fumosa Kile & Watling | 未见报道
Unknown | 未见报道
Unknown | 直径20-120mm,从凸扩展到平凸;边缘最初向内弯曲
20-120mm diam., convex expanding to plano-convex; margin initially incurved. | 四孢型偶尔双孢型,棍棒状,无锁状联合
Four-spored occasionally two-spored, clavate, without clamp connection. | 6.5-8.5(-9.5)×(4-) 4.5-6(-6.5)μm,幼时几乎全部白色,长椭圆形带有宽的突出的细尖
6.5-8.5(-9.5)×(4-) 4.5-6(-6.5)μm, almost white in mass when fresh, elongate-ellipsoid with abroad prominent apiculus. | 扁平
Flat | 澳大利亚
Australia | Kile & Watling 1983 | | | | | | | | | | | 待续 | | | | | | | | | | | 续表1 | | 18 | A. limonea (G. Stev.) Boesew. | + | 未见报道
Unknown | 带有棕黄色的小
鳞片
With claybank scales. | 未见报道
Undescribed | 6.5-9×3.5-5.0μm,有些细微的粗糙不平,成熟后稍厚
6.5-9×3.5-5.0μm, slightly rough, slightly thick when mature. | 分支多
Branching is prolific. | 新西兰
New Zealand | Singer 1969; Shaw et al. 1981 | | 19 | A. luteobubalina Watling & Kile | + | 异宗配合
Heterothallism | 直径
40-100(-150)mm,初时平凸,之后展开,具有微凸起到凸起,中央有小鳞片
40-100(-150)mm diam., at first convex finally becoming expanded and subumbonate to umbonate, centre squamulose. | 四孢型（有些双孢型）,基部无锁状联合
Four-spored (some two-spored), without clamp connection at the base. | (5-)6.5-7.5(-8)× (4-)4.5-5.5(-6)mm,宽椭圆形,带着明显的宽的细尖,光滑
(5-)6.5-7.5(-8)× (4-)4.5-5.5(-6)mm, broadly ellipsoid with distinct broad apiculus, smooth. | 圆柱形到扁平,分支较少
Cylindrical to flattened, sparsely-
branched. | 澳大利亚
Australia | Kile 1981; Kile et al. 1983; Podger et al. 1978 | | 20 | A. novae-zelandiae (G. Stev.) Herink [= Armillariella sparrei Singer var. elaeodes Singer] | + | 未见报道
Unknown | 直径
30-100(-150)mm,稍有凸起到凸起,之后变成平凸,最后多变为扁平
30-100(-150)mm diam., subumbonate to umbonate becoming plano-
convex and later often depressed. | 四孢型,偶尔双孢型,棍棒状,基部无锁状联合
Four-spored occasionally two-spored, clavate, without clamp connection at the base. | 7-8(-8.5)×4.5-5.0 (-5.5)μm,椭圆形到长椭圆形
7-8(-8.5)×4.5-5.0 (-5.5)μm, ellipsoid, to elongate-ellipsoid. | 圆柱状,二叉分枝,光滑、窄的菌丝鞘
Cylindrical, with dichotomous branches at their tips and smooth, narrow, mycelial sheaths. | 澳大利亚,新西兰,巴布亚新几内亚,南美洲
Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, South America | Kile & Watling 1983; Guillaumin et al. 1992; Shaw et al. 1981 | | | | | | | | | | | 待续 | | | | | | | | | | | 续表1 | | 21 | A. pallidula Kile & Watling | 未见报道
Unknown | 未见报道
Unknown | 直径
45-90mm,钟形,边缘内卷,之后凸起,扩展到平凸
45-90mm diam., campanulate with inrolled margin, then convex to subumbonate expanding to plano-convex. | 四孢型,偶尔双孢型,细长的棍棒状,很少有锁状联合
Four-spored, occasionally two-spored, elongate-clavate, clamp connection very rare. | 4.4-6.3×5.6- 10μm,细长到宽的椭圆形
4.4-6.3×5.6- 10μm, elongate to broadly ellipsoid. | 未见报道
Undescribed | 澳大利亚
Australia | Kile & Watling
1988 | | 22 | A. hinnulea Kile & Watling | 未见报道
Unknown | 未见报道
Unknown | 直径20-80
(-120)mm,坚实,肉质,边缘有时有占直径1/3的条纹
20-80 (-120)mm diam., firm to fleshy, margin sometimes distinctly striate for up to one third of diameter. | 四孢型,偶尔双孢型,棍棒状-圆柱状,无锁状联合
Four-spored occasionally two-spored, clavate-cylindric, without clamp connection. | 6-8.5(-9)×(3.5-)4-6(-6.5)μm,宽椭圆形到卵圆形
6-8.5(-9)×(3.5-)4-6(-6.5)μm, broadly ellipsoid to ovoid. | 褐色,圆柱形
Brown, cylindrical. | 澳大利亚,新西兰
Australia, New Zealand | Kile & Watling
1983 | | | | | | | | | | | 待续 | | | | | | | | | | | 续表1 | | 23 | A. paulensis Capelari | + | 未见报道
Unknown | 直径0.9-9.2cm,初时凸,成熟后扁平状,中央有褐色的小鳞片
0.9-9.2cm diam., convex when young to aplanate-depressed as mature, brown squamules concentrated in the pileus centre. | 双孢型到四孢型,圆柱状,无锁状联合
Two-four-spored, cylindric, without clamp connection. | 8.5-10×5.5-6μm,长椭圆形,透明,稍微有些厚壁
8.5-10×5.5-6μm, longate-ellipsoid, hyaline, slightly thick-walled. | 未见报道
Undescribed | 非洲
Africa | Lima et al. 2008 | | 24 | A. montagnei (Singer) Herink [=Armillariella montagnei Singer=? Armillaria luteobubalina Watling & Kile] | + | 未见报道
Unknown | 直径40-81mm,表面覆盖了丰富的小鳞片
40-81mm diam., covered with abundant, small squamules. | 双孢型到四孢型,棍棒状
Two-four-spored, clavate. | (8-)9.5-11(-12)× (5-)5.5-7(-8.5)μm | 部分扁平,分支无规则
Applanate in section, branching irregularly. | 南美洲
South America | Singer 1956, 1970;
Pildain et al. 2010 | | 25 | A. umbrinobrunnea (Singer) Pildain & Rajchenb. [= Armillariella montagnei var. umbrinobrunnea Singer] | + | 未见报道
Unknown | 直径15-50mm,散布着丰富、相对大而浓密的小鳞片
15-50mm diam., characterized by the presence of abundant, relatively large and dense squamules. | 棍棒状
Clavate | (7-)9-11(-13)× (5-)5-6.5(-7)μm | 圆柱形或扁平,光滑,不是严格的二叉分枝
Cylindrical or applanate, smooth, branched but not strictly dichotomous. | 南美洲
South America | Pildain et al. 2010 | | | | | | | | | | | 待续 | | | | | | | | | | | 续表1 | | 26 | A. sparrei (Singer) Herink [=Armillariella sparrei Singer] | + | 未见报道
Unknown | 直径35-100mm,中间有一部分小鳞片,但并不多,成熟后消失
35-100mm diam., with few to many squamules at the center, but never abundant, that disappear with age. | 棍棒状
Clavate | (7-)8.5-11(-12)× (4-)5-6.5(-7)μm | 扁平,光滑,很多分支
Rhizomorphs applanate, smooth, heavily branched. | 南美洲
South America | Pildain et al. 2010 | | 27 | 单生蜜环菌
A. singula J.Y. Cha & Igarashi | + | 异宗配合
Heterothallism | 直径2.5-3.8cm,球形,初时凸到半球形,之后平凸,有钝的凸起
2.5-3.8cm diam., globose, convex to hemispherical when young, piano-convex to plane later, obtusely umbonate. | 四孢型,棍棒状,有锁状联合
Four-spored, clavate, with a clamp connection. | 6.2-10.6×3.6 -6.2μm,宽椭圆形到卵圆形,带有细尖,表面光滑透明
6.2-10.6×3.6 -6.2μm, broadly elliptical to ovate, smooth, hyaline, with a apiculus. | 顶端尖锐,圆柱形,单轴分枝
With cylindrical sharp tips and monopodial branches. | 日本
Japan | Cha et al. 1994 | | 28 | 北海道蜜环菌
A. jezöensis J.Y. Cha & Igarashi | + | 异宗配合
Heterothallism | 直径4.7-6.8cm,幼时半球-凸状到凸,之后平凸再到平,有时稍有 凸起
4.7-6.8cm diam., hemispherical-convex to convex when young, then piano-convex to plane, sometimes slightly umbonate. | 四孢型,棍棒状,有锁状联合
Four-spored, clavate, with a clamp connection. | 6.3-10.3×4.8 -6.3μm,宽椭圆形到卵圆形,带有细尖,表面光滑透明
6.3-10.3×4.8
-6.3μm, broadly elliptical to ovate, smooth, hyaline, with a apiculus. | 圆柱状,单轴 分枝
Cylindrical, with monopodial branches. | 日本
Japan | Cha et al. 1994 |
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