红菇科可食真菌的若干分类问题
王向华

Taxonomic comments on edible species of Russulaceae
Xiang-Hua WANG
表1 中国常见可食与有毒红菇科真菌
Table 1 Common edible and poisonous species of Russulaceae in China
物种
Species
食性
Edibility
在中国的分布
Distribution in China
共生树种或生境
Host trees or habitats
冷杉乳菇
Lactarius abieticola
可食
Edible
中部-西南亚高山
Subalpine Central and Southwest
冷杉
Abies
橙红乳菇
Lactarius akahatsu
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed

Pinus
高山毛脚乳菇
Lactarius alpinihirtipes
有毒
Poisonous
西南亚高山
Subalpine Southwest
高山栎
Quercus sect. Heterobalanus
水环乳菇
Lactarius aquizonatus
慎食
Not recommended
东北、西南亚高山
Northeast and subalpine Southwest
云杉、高山松
Picea and Pinus densata
暗褐乳菇
Lactarius atrobrunneus
有毒
Poisonous
热带
Tropical
壳斗科
Fagaceae
暗缘乳菇
Lactarius atromarginatus
慎食
Not recommended
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
壳斗科
Fagaceae
南方喙状乳菇
Lactarius austrorostratus
慎食
Not recommended
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
壳斗科
Fagaceae
鸡足山乳菇
Lactarius chichuensis
慎食
Not recommended
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
壳斗科
Fagaceae
黄褐乳菇
Lactarius cinnamomeus
可食
Edible
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
壳斗科、松
Fagaceae and Pinus
胶联乳菇
Lactarius conglutinatus
慎食
Not recommended
亚热带
Subtropical
混交林
Mixed forest
松乳菇
Lactarius deliciosus
可食
Edible
北温带、亚带
North temperate and subtropical
松林
Pinus
云杉乳菇
Lactarius deterrimus
可食
Edible
北温带和西南亚高山
North temperate and
subalpine Southwest
云杉、五针松
Picea and five-needle pines
北欧乳菇
Lactarius fennoscandicus
可食
Edible
北温带和西南亚高山
North temperate and
subalpine Southwest
云杉、五针松
Picea and five-needle pines
糙鳞乳菇
Lactarius furfuraceus
慎食
Not recommended
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
壳斗科
Fagaceae
细弱乳菇
Lactarius gracilis
慎食
Not recommended
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
壳斗科
Fagaceae
红汁乳菇
Lactarius hatsudake
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
松林
Pinus
横断山乳菇
Lactarius hengduanensis
可食
Edible
西南亚高山
Subalpine Southwest
云杉林
Picea
毛脚乳菇
Lactarius hirtipes
有毒
Poisonous
亚热带
Subtropical Southwest
壳斗科
Fagaceae
印度黄汁乳菇
Lactarius indochrysorrheus
慎食
Not recommended
北温带和亚热带
North temperate and subtropical
混交林
Mixed forest
蜡蘑状乳菇
Lactarius laccarioides
慎食
Not recommended
热带
Tropical
壳斗科林
Fagaceae
黑色乳菇
Lactarius nigricans
慎食
Not recommended
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
混交林
Mixed forest
橄榄褐乳菇
Lactarius olivaceoumbrinus
慎食
Not recommended
西南亚高山
Subalpine Southwest
冷杉
Abies
橄榄乳菇
Lactarius olivinus
慎食
Not recommended
西南亚高山
Subalpine southwest
云杉
Picea
欧姆斯乳菇
Lactarius oomsisiensis
有毒
Poisonous
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
壳斗科
Fagaceae
波宁乳菇
Lactarius porninsis
可食
Edible
东北
Northeast
落叶松
Larix
假红汁乳菇
Lactarius pseudohatsudake
可食
Edible
西南亚高山
Subalpine Southwest
云杉
Picea
绒边乳菇
Lactarius pubescens
有毒
Poisonous
东北、西南亚高山
Northeast and subalpine Southwest
桦木
Betula
红褐乳菇
Lactarius rubrobrunneus
有毒
Poisonous
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
壳斗科
Fagaceae
似白乳菇
Lactarius scoticus
有毒
Poisonous
东北、西南亚高山
Northeast and subalpine Southwest
桦木
Betula
窝柄黄乳菇
Lactarius scrobiculatus
慎食
Not recommended
东北、西南亚高山
Northeast and subalpine Southwest
云杉、泠杉
PiceaAbies
中华环纹乳菇
Lactarius sinozonarius
慎食
Not recommended
西南亚热带
Subtropical Southwest
混交林
Mixed forest
多鳞乳菇
Lactarius squamulosus
慎食
Not recommended
热带
Tropical
阔叶林
Broad-leaved forest
近大西洋乳菇
Lactarius subatlanticus
有毒
Poisonous
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
壳斗科
Fagaceae
近短柄乳菇
Lactarius subbrevipes
慎食
Not recommended
西南亚热带
Subtropical Southwest

Pinus
近毛脚乳菇
Lactarius subhirtipes
有毒
Poisonous
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
壳斗科
Fagaceae
亚靛蓝乳菇
Lactarius subindigo
可食
Edible
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
壳斗科
Fagaceae
香亚环乳菇
Lactarius subzonarius
可食
Edible
亚热带
Subtropical
壳斗科
Fagaceae
毛头乳菇
Lactarius torminosus
有毒
Poisonous
北温带和西南亚高山
North temperate and
subalpine Southwest
桦木
Betula
堇紫乳菇
Lactarius uvidus
慎食
Not recommended
东北
Northeast
桦木
Betula
靓丽乳菇
Lactarius vividus
可食
Edible
亚热带
Subtropical

Pinus
稀褶茸多汁乳菇
Lactifluus gerardii
可食
Edible
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
混交林
Mixed forest
长毛多汁乳菇
Lactifluus longipilus
可食
Edible
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
混交林
Mixed forest
淡黄多汁乳菇
Lactifluus luteolus
可食
Edible
亚热带
Subtropical
混交林
Mixed forest
灰绿多汁乳菇
Lactifluus glaucescens
慎食
Not recommended
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
混交林
Mixed forest
狮黄多汁乳菇近似种
Lactifluus aff. leoninus
可食
Edible
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
混交林
Mixed forest
长绒乳菇
Lactifluus pilosus
慎食
Not recommended
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
混交林
Mixed forest
宽囊体多汁乳菇
Lactifluus pinguis
可食
Edible
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
混交林
Mixed forest
辣味多汁乳菇
Lactifluus piperatus
慎食
Not recommended
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
混交林
Mixed forest
假稀褶多汁乳菇
Lactifluus pseudohygrophoroides
可食
Edible
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
混交林
Mixed forest
亚辣味多汁乳
Lactifluus subpiperatus
慎食
Not recommended
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
混交林
Mixed forest
近粉绒多汁乳菇
Lactifluus subpruinosus
可食
Edible
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
壳斗科
Fagaceae
薄囊体多汁乳菇
Lactifluus tenuicystidiatus
可食
Edible
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
壳斗科
Fagaceae
中华热带多汁乳菇
Lactifluus tropicosinicus
可食
Edible
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
壳斗科
Fagaceae
多变多汁乳菇
Lactifluus versiformis
可食
Edible
西南亚高山
Subalpine Southwest
高山栎
Quercus sect. Heterobalanus
多汁乳菇
Lactifluus volemus
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
混交林
Mixed forest
冷杉红菇
Russula abietina
可食
Edible
东北
Northeast
针叶林、混交林
Coniferous and mixed forests
辣褶红菇
Russula acrifolia
可食
Edible
东北、西南亚高山
Northeast and subalpine Southwest
混交林
Mixed forest
烟色红菇
Russula adusta
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
针叶林
Coniferous forest
白红菇
Russula albida
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
阔叶林
Broad-leaved forest
白黑红菇
Russula albonigra
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
阔叶林、混交林
Broad-leaved and mixed forests
铜绿红菇
Russula aeruginea
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
阔叶林、混交林
Broad-leaved and mixed forests
革质红菇
Russula alutacea
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
阔叶林、混交林
Broad-leaved and mixed forests
暗绿红菇
Russula atroaeruginea
可食
Edible
西南亚高山
Subalpine Southwest
云杉
Picea
金红菇
Russula aurea
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
混交林
Mixed forest
天蓝红菇
Russula azurea
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
混交林
Mixed forest
短柄红菇
Russula brevipes
可食
Edible
北温带、西南亚高山
North temperate and
subalpine Southwest
混交林
Mixed forest
裘氏红菇
Russula chiui
慎食
Not recommended
西南亚高山
Subalpine Southwest
高山栎
Quercus sect. Heterobalanus
致密红菇
Russula compacta
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
混交林
Mixed forest
蓝黄红菇
Russula cyanoxantha
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
混交林
Mixed forest
类致密红菇
Russula compactoides
可食
Edible
西南亚高山
Subalpine Southwest
冷杉
Abies
美味红菇
Russula delica
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
针叶林、阔叶林、混交林
Coniferous, broad-leaved
and mixed forests
密褶红菇
Russula densifolia
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
阔叶林、混交林
Broad-leaved and mixed forests
诱吐红菇
Russula emetica
有毒
Poisonous
广布
Widely distributed
混交林
Mixed forest
非白红菇
Russula exalbicans
可食
Edible
北温带、西南亚高山
North temperate and
subalpine Southwest
针叶林、混交林
Coniferous and mixed forests
臭红菇
Russula foetens
慎食
Not recommended
广布
Widely distributed
针叶林、混交林
Coniferous and mixed forests
绵粒红菇
Russula granulata
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
混交林
Mixed forest
可爱红菇
Russula grata
可食
Not recommended
广布
Widely distributed
阔叶林、混交林
Broad-leaved and mixed forests
灰肉红菇
Russula griseocarnosa
可食
Edible
亚热带-热带
Subtropical-tropical
壳斗科
Fagaceae
日本红菇
Russula japonica
有毒
Poisonous
亚热带
Subtropical
混交林
Mixed forest
蜜味红菇
Russula melliolens
可食
Edible
西南亚热带
Subtropical Southwest
阔叶林
Broad-leaved forest
厚皮红菇
Russula mustelina
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
针叶林、混交林
Coniferous and mixed forests
稀褶红菇
Russula nigricans
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
混交林
Mixed forest
黑绿红菇
Russula nigrovirens
可食
Edible
西南亚高山带
Subalpine Southwest
冷杉
Abies
黄白红菇
Russula ochroleuca
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
阔叶林、混交林
Broad-leaved and mixed forests
青黄红菇
Russula olivacea
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
阔叶林、混交林
Broad-leaved and mixed forests
沼泽红菇
Russula paludosa
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
针叶林、阔叶林
Coniferous and broad-leaved forests
拟蓖形红菇
Russula pectinatoides
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
针叶林、阔叶林
Coniferous and broad-leaved forests
致密红菇
Russula pseudocompacta
可食
Edible
西南亚热带
Subtropical Southwest
混交林
Mixed forest
致密红菇
Russula pseudodelica
可食
Edible
亚热带
Subtropical
混交林
Mixed forest
假拟蓖形红菇
Russula pseudopectinatoides
慎食
Not recommended
西南亚高山带
Subalpine southwest
冷杉、落叶松、云杉
Abies, Larix and Picea
点柄红菇
Russula punctipes
慎食
Not recommended
亚热带
Subtropical
混交林
Mixed forest
凯莱红菇
Russula queletii
有毒
Poisonous
广布
Widely distributed
针叶林、混交林
Coniferous and mixed forests
玫瑰红菇
Russula rosea
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
混交林
Mixed forest
黄茶红菇
Russula sororia
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
针叶林、阔叶林、混交林
Coniferous, broad-leaved
and mixed forests
血红菇
Russula sanguinea
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
针叶林、混交林
Coniferous and mixed forests
亚稀褶红菇
Russula subnigricans
剧毒
Deadly poisonous
亚热带
Subtropical
壳斗科
Fagaceae
菱红菇
Russula vesca
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
阔叶林、混交林
Broad-leaved and mixed forests
堇紫红菇
Russula violacea
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
阔叶林
Broad-leaved forest
变绿红菇
Russula virescens
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
阔叶林、混交林
Broad-leaved and mixed forests
红边绿菇
Russula viridirubrolimbata
可食
Edible
亚热带
Subtropical
阔交林
Mixed forest
黄孢红菇
Russula xerampelina
可食
Edible
广布
Widely distributed
阔叶林、混交林
Broad-leaved and mixed forests