草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 2503-2514.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.07.015

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

川西北高寒区皮燕麦结实率的关键影响性状与通径分析

袁玉涛1,2,3, 吴莉2, 陈晨3, 赵梓含3, 丁忠阳3, 刘文辉1, 白玛4, 周青平1,3, 陈有军3   

  1. 1. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 青海 西宁 810016;
    2. 培黎职业学院, 甘肃 张掖 734000;
    3. 西南民族大学草地资源学院, 四川 成都 610041;
    4. 西藏自治区昌都市丁青县协雄乡农牧综合服务中心, 西藏 昌都 855714
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-12 修回日期:2026-03-04 发布日期:2026-07-02
  • 通讯作者: 周青平，E-mail:qpingzh@aliyun.com;陈有军，E-mail:chenyoujun2005@163.com
  • 作者简介:袁玉涛（1995-），男，汉族，甘肃张掖人，博士研究生，讲师，研究方向为牧草种质资源利用研究，E-mail:yyt4027@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    张掖市市级科技计划项目（ZY2025KY07）；培黎职业学院2025年校级科研项目（Plkjky-01）资助

Key Influencing Traits and Path Analysis of Seed Setting Rate of Hulled Oats in the Northwestern Sichuan Alpine Region

YUAN Yu-tao1,2,3, WU Li2, CHEN Chen3, ZHAO Zi-han3, DING Zhong-yang3, LIU Wen-hui1, BAI Ma4, ZHOU Qing-ping1,3, CHEN You-jun3   

  1. 1. Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    2. BaiLie Vocational College, Zhangye, Gansu Province 734100, China;
    3. Grassland Resources College, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China;
    4. Xiexiong Township Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Comprehensive Service Center, Chamdo, Xizang 855714, China
  • Received:2025-12-12 Revised:2026-03-04 Published:2026-07-02

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摘要： 为探究川西北高寒生境下影响皮燕麦（Avena sativa L.）结实率的关键性状及其调控途径，本研究以27份皮燕麦为材料，对其生育期、农艺性状、光合特性及穗部与籽粒性状进行测定，通过方差分析、相关分析、多元线性回归及通径分析进行多性状关联解析。结果表明：熟性是调控结实率的关键因素，供试资源生育期为118~178 d，结实率介于32.47%~84.72%，且早熟资源平均结实率（66.93%）显著高于晚熟资源（56.51%，P<0.05），中熟资源变异系数最高，存在高结实潜力的特异种质；穗数、芒长与分蘖数等性状变异较大（CV>30%），具有丰富的遗传多样性；结实率与株高、旗叶长等6个性状均呈极显著负相关（P<0.01），通径分析表明，株高、有效分蘖数和穗长是直接调控川西北皮燕麦结实率的关键因子，主要通过株高的直接抑制和有效分蘖的直接促进进行调控。因此，该地区宜选用株高适中、有效分蘖多的早中熟品种。

关键词: 皮燕麦, 高寒生境, 熟性, 结实率, 性状关联, 通径分析

Abstract: To investigate the key traits influencing the seed setting rate of hulled oats （Avena sativa L.） and their regulatory pathways in the alpine habitat of northwestern Sichuan， this study utilized 27 hulled oat accessions as experimental materials. Measurements were taken for growth period， agronomic traits， photosynthetic characteristics， as well as panicle and grain traits. Multi-trait association analysis was conducted using variance analysis， correlation analysis， multiple linear regression， and path analysis. The results indicated that maturity is a key factor regulating the seed setting rate. The growth period of the tested accessions ranged from 118 to 178 d， with seed setting rates varying between 32.47% and 84.72%. The average seed setting rate of early-maturing accessions （66.93%） was significantly higher than that of late-maturing ones （56.51%， P<0.05）. Mid-maturing accessions showed the highest coefficient of variation， suggesting the existence of specific germplasms with high seed-setting potential. Traits such as panicle number， awn length， and tiller number exhibited considerable variation （CV>30%）， indicating rich genetic diversity. The seed setting rate showed a highly significant negative correlation （P<0.01） with six traits， including plant height and flag leaf length. Path analysis revealed that plant height， effective tiller number， and panicle length are key direct factors regulating the seed setting rate of hulled oats in northwestern Sichuan， primarily through the direct inhibitory effect of plant height and the direct promoting effect of effective tillers. Therefore， for this region， it is advisable to select medium-early maturing varieties with moderate plant height and a high number of effective tillers.

Key words: Hulled oat, Alpine habitat, Maturity type, Seed setting rate, Trait association, Path analysis

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