草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 553-558.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.02.017

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

“标准鼠单位”的确立及其在草原鼠害防控中的应用

孙飞达1, 张蔡斌1, 张欢欢1, 蒋俊宏1, 白彦福1, 刘琳1, 杨廷勇2, 代丽3   

  1. 1. 四川农业大学草业科技学院, 四川 成都 611130;
    2. 甘孜州草原工作站, 四川 康定 626000;
    3. 德格县林业和草原局, 四川 德格 627250
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-01 修回日期:2025-06-03 发布日期:2026-01-22
  • 作者简介:孙飞达（1978-），男，汉族，甘肃靖远人，教授，博士，主要从事草地生态及鼠害防控研究，E-mail:sunfd08@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（32271775）；四川省自然科学基金项目（2025ZNSFSC0174）；四川农业大学-德格县林业和草原局校地合作项目资助

Establishment of “Standard Rodent Unit” and Its Application in Grassland Rodents Control

SUN Fei-da1, ZHANG Cai-bin1, ZHANG Huan-huan1, JIANG Jun-hong1, BAI Yan-fu1, LIU Lin1, YANG Ting-yong2, DAI Li3   

  1. 1. College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, China;
    2. Ganzi Prefecture Grassland Working Station, Kangding, Sichuan Province 626000, China;
    3. Dege County Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Dege, Sichuan Province 627250, China
  • Received:2025-01-01 Revised:2025-06-03 Published:2026-01-22

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摘要： 基于草地家畜当量与“标准羊单位”的理念及应用实践，本文对“标准鼠单位”进行定义，探讨“标准鼠单位”在草地啮齿动物调查监测及鼠害防控管理中的现实意义。参考“标准羊单位”已有研究成果，以及近年来对草地害鼠食性、采食策略的研究进展，分析相关啮齿动物标准鼠单位的衡量指标，以及啮齿动物食物当量的测算途径。“标准鼠单位”定义为：基于草原常见啮齿动物的平均体重，将一只100 g体重的鼠种每日所采食、刈割、贮藏50 g鲜草（占自身体重的50 %）、折合约为10 g干草（含水量以20 %计）的损失量认定为1个标准鼠单位。80个标准鼠单位相当于1个标准羊单位（即80个鼠单位≈1个羊单位），不同鼠种按其体重差异进行折算。本研究初步搭建了“鼠-草-畜”在采食量水平上的度量关系，可为不同食草动物采食及食物当量提供标准和依据。

关键词: 标准鼠单位, 草地啮齿动物, 鼠害防控, 防控阈值

Abstract: Based on the concept and practice of grassland livestock equivalent and “Standard sheep unit”， this paper defines the “Standard rodent unit” and explores its practical significance in grassland rodent survey， monitoring and pest control management. Referring to “Standard sheep unit” conception and the research progress of grassland rodents prevention and control in recent years， we analyzed the measurement indicators for relevant rodent standard unit and the methodologies for calculating rodents food equivalents. The definition of “Standard rodent unit” was as follows， based on the common weight of the average grassland rodents， one unit represents the daily loss caused by a 100 g rodent species consuming， cutting and storing 50 g fresh grass （about 50 % of its body weight）， which converts to 10 g of dry grass （assuming a moisture content of 20 %）. Eighty rodent units are equivalent to one standard sheep unit， with conversion of different rodents based on their weight differences. A preliminarily measurement relationship among “rodent-grass-livestock” at the level of forage intake was established， which will provide standard and basis for quantifying the foraging and food equivalents of different herbivores.

Key words: Standard rodent unit, Grassland rodents, Rodents prevention and control, Prevention and control threshold