灌溉量与生物质炭施用对紫花苜蓿营养品质与经济效益的影响

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.05.030

草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 1900-1909.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.05.030

• 技术研发 • 上一篇

灌溉量与生物质炭施用对紫花苜蓿营养品质与经济效益的影响

胡奕, 于辉, 管廷贤, 刘兴义, 杨合龙, 王文浩

新疆农业大学草业学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2025-12-01 修回日期:2025-12-12 发布日期:2026-05-08
通讯作者: 杨合龙，E-mail:yanghlcau@163.com
作者简介:胡奕（2001-），女，土家族，湖南慈利人，硕士研究生，主要从事农艺与种业研究，E-mail:1509670956@qq.com；
基金资助:
2023年自治区重点实验室“土地利用方式对蒿类荒漠土壤有机碳稳定性影响研究”（2023D04083）资助

Effects of Irrigation Amount and Biochar Application on Nutritional Quality and Economic Benefits of Medicago sativa

HU Yi, YU Hui, GUAN Ting-xian, LIU Xing-yi, YANG He-long, WANG Wen-hao

College of Grassland Science Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China

Received:2025-12-01 Revised:2025-12-12 Published:2026-05-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究以紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）为研究对象，从营养品质与经济效益的角度出发，探究灌溉量与生物质炭施用对紫花苜蓿实际生产效益的影响。本研究通过设置4个灌溉梯度（W₁减量30%：450 mm、W₂减量15%：550 mm、W₃常规灌溉梯度：650 mm、W₄增量15%：750 mm）与2个生物质炭施用水平（C₀：0 t·ha^-1，C₂：20 t·ha^-1），测定不同灌溉与生物质炭施用梯度下紫花苜蓿营养品质与年干草产量，筛选能有效提高紫花苜蓿营养品质与经济效益的最佳灌溉量与生物质炭施用量。结果表明：生物质炭施用条件下，紫花苜蓿粗蛋白含量呈增长趋势，中性洗涤纤维较C₀处理显著下降，干物质采食率与相对饲喂价值均有显著提高。W₂C₂处理年产量较W₂C₀处理显著增加，且优于其他各处理，其年净利润为各处理最佳，为22 422.93 CNY·ha^-1，较W₃C₀提高2148.53 CNY·ha^-1。综合评估表明，W₂C₂处理是实现紫花苜蓿产量、品质与经济效益协同提升的最优灌溉与生物质炭配施方案。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 生物质炭, 灌溉量, 营养品质, 经济效益

Abstract: This study took Medicago sativa as the research object to explore the impacts of irrigation and biochar application on the actual production benefits of Medicago sativa from the perspective of nutritional quality and economic benefits. Four irrigation gradients （W₁ reduction of 30%： 450 mm， W₂ reduction of 15%： 550 mm， W₃ conventional irrigation gradient ： 650 mm， W₄ increment of 15%： 750 mm） and two biochar application levels （C₀：0 t·ha^-1，C₂：20 t·ha^-1） were set to determine the nutrient quality and annual hay yield of Medicago sativa and screen the best irrigation amount and biochar application amount. The results showed that under the condition of biochar application， the crude protein content of Medicago sativa showed an increasing trend， the neutral detergent fiber was significantly lower than that under C₀ treatment， and the dry matter intake rate and relative feeding value were significantly improved. The annual yield in W₂C₂ treatment was significantly higher than that in W₂C₀ treatment， superior to other treatments， and the annual net profit was the best， 22 422.93 CNY·ha^-1， which was 2148.53 CNY·ha^-1 higher than W₃C₀. Comprehensive evaluation showed that W₂C₂ treatment was the optimal irrigation and biochar application scheme to achieve the synergistic improvement of Medicago sativa yield， quality and economic benefits.

Key words: Medicago sativa, Biochar, Irrigation volume, Nutritional quality, Economic performance

中图分类号:

S541.9

胡奕, 于辉, 管廷贤, 刘兴义, 杨合龙, 王文浩. 灌溉量与生物质炭施用对紫花苜蓿营养品质与经济效益的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(5): 1900-1909.

HU Yi, YU Hui, GUAN Ting-xian, LIU Xing-yi, YANG He-long, WANG Wen-hao. Effects of Irrigation Amount and Biochar Application on Nutritional Quality and Economic Benefits of Medicago sativa[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2026, 34(5): 1900-1909.

参考文献

[1] WANG J J, YUN J F, LÜ S J. Characteristics and utilization value on the germplasm of Medicago falcata[J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2008(1):215-219 王俊杰, 云锦凤, 吕世杰. 黄花苜蓿种质的优良特性与利用价值[J]. 内蒙古农业大学学报, 2008(1):215-219
[2] CAO L J. Effects of irrigation and Fertilization on alfalfa seed production performance and soil physical and chemical properties[D]. Yinchuan:Ningxia University, 2023:21-27 曹立娟. 灌水与施肥对紫花苜蓿种子生产性能及土壤理化性质的影响[D]. 银川:宁夏大学, 2023:21-27
[3] ZHENG M N, LIANG X Z, HAN Z S, et al. Effects of phosphorus Application levels on phosphorus accumulation and seed yield factors of Alfalfa(Medicago sativa)[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2020, 28(1):80-87 郑敏娜, 梁秀芝, 韩志顺, 等. 不同磷素水平对紫花苜蓿磷累积动态和种子产量构成因子的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2020, 28(1):80-87
[4] XIE K Y, HE F, LI X L, et al. Analysis of soil and plant nutrients in alfalfa fields in China[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(3):202-214 谢开云, 何峰, 李向林, 等. 我国紫花苜蓿主产田土壤养分和植物养分调查分析[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(3):202-214
[5] LI T D, LIU Y, WANG M, et al. Discussion on geomorphic characteristics and formative causes of the Chinese mainland[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(6):245-255 李廷栋, 刘勇, 王淼, 等. 中国大陆地貌特征及其成因探讨[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(6):245-255
[6] WANG Q, ZHANG E H, LONG R J, et al. Effects of different irrigation methods on the prodution and WUE of Alfalfa[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2006(9):75-78 王琦, 张恩和, 龙瑞军, 等. 不同灌溉方式对紫花苜蓿生长性能及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2006(9):75-78
[7] XIE Z B, LIU Q, XU Y P, et al. Advances and perspectives of biochar research[J]. Soils, 2011, 43(6):857-861 谢祖彬, 刘琦, 许燕萍, 等. 生物炭研究进展及其研究方向[J]. 土壤, 2011, 43(6):857-861
[8] ABEDIN J, UNC A. Addition of biochar to acidic boreal podzolic soils enhances micronutrient availability and crop productivity[J]. Open Agriculture, 2020, 5(1):188-201
[9] ZHANG S W, LIU W Z, LI C, et al. Research Progress on the effect of mineral modified biochar on soil aggregates[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Science, 2024, 65(12):3053-3060 张世文, 刘文正, 李超, 等. 矿物改性生物质炭对土壤团聚体的影响研究进展[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2024, 65(12):3053-3060
[10] YU N, WANG L L, LI L L, et al. Effects of integrated water and fertilizer nitrogen reduction on potato yield and water use efficiency in Longzhong region of Gansu Province[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2024, 42(4):70-78 於凝, 王林林, 李玲玲, 等. 水肥一体化减氮对陇中地区马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2024, 42(4):70-78
[11] SUN T N. Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on production performance and water use efficiency of alfalfa in Horqin sandy land[D]. Tongliao:Inner Mongolia Minzu University, 2025:40-43 孙铁男. 调亏灌溉对科尔沁沙地紫花苜蓿生产性能和水分利用效率的影响[D]. 通辽: 内蒙古民族大学, 2025:40-43
[12] DING L. Water-saving irrigation technology based on efficient utilization of water resources in karst areas[D]. Guiyang:Guizhou Normal University, 2018:55-56 丁磊. 基于喀斯特地区水资源高效利用的节水灌溉技术初探[D]. 贵阳:贵州师范大学, 2018:55-56
[13] XUE L, ZHANG Z X, QI Z J, et al. Effects of straw returning on N₂O emission and yield under water-saving irrigation in black soil paddy field[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2024, 55(4):280-289 薛里, 张忠学, 齐智娟, 等. 节水灌溉下秸秆还田形式对黑土区稻田N₂O排放与产量的影响[J]. 农业机械学报, 2024, 55(4):280-289
[14] TANG Z N, JIAN Y H, ZHONG X Z, et al. The inhibitory effect of a water-saving irrigation regime on CH₄ emission in Mollisols under straw incorporation for 5 consecutive years[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2023, 278:108163
[15] XU X Y. Effects of irrigation amounts on yield, water use efficiency and quality of several crops based on Meta analysis[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University, 2021:43 徐晓宇. 基于Meta分析的不同灌溉量对作物产量、水分利用效率及品质的研究[D]. 兰州:兰州大学, 2021:43
[16] PAN S T. Mineralization process of substrate in biochar-containing soil and associated physio-biological mechanisms[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2019:33-41 潘少彤. 含生物质炭土壤中底物矿化过程及其物理与生物学机理[D]. 杭州:浙江大学, 2019:33-41
[17] ZHAO J C, YANG Z Y, WANG B, et al. Combined application of chicken manure and biochar improves soil fertility and bamboo shoot yield and quality of Phyllostachys violascens ‘Prevernalis’ forests[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2025, 31(3):458-469 赵建诚, 杨振亚, 王波, 等. 鸡粪有机肥配施生物炭提高雷竹林土壤肥力和竹笋产量品质[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2025, 31(3):458-469
[18] MA Y Y. Multi-omic unravels drought-induced alfalfa decline and resilience solutions[D]. Yinchuan:Ningxia University, 2025:143-147 马媛媛. 基于多组学的旱作紫花苜蓿生物衰退机制解析及减缓措施研究[D]. 银川: 宁夏大学, 2025:143-147
[19] WANG X Y, WANG Q, ZHANG D K, et al. Effects of ridge mulching biochar on soil moisture and fertilizer, quality and yield of alfalfa in ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2023, 40(4):1014-1026 王小赟, 王琦, 张登奎, 等. 生物炭-土壤结皮覆盖垄沟种植对土壤水肥、紫花苜蓿品质和产量的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2023, 40(4):1014-1026
[20] ZHANG Y T. Effects of biochar on nutrient traits and nitrogen-associated microorganisms in meadow alkali soil under continuous cropping and rotation[D]. Daqing:Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 2024:13-14 张悦彤. 连作轮作条件下生物质炭对草甸碱土养分性状与氮相关微生物的影响[D]. 大庆: 黑龙江八一农垦大学, 2024:13-14
[21] ZHANG C Y, SUN L Y, XU M G, et al. Response mechanism of soil microbial carbon use efficiencies to cropland management measures[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2025, 62(1):177-188 张晨阳, 孙力扬, 徐明岗, 等. 土壤微生物碳利用效率对农田管理措施响应的机制[J]. 土壤学报, 2025, 62(1):177-188
[22] ZHANG P Y, LIU J Z, WANG M D, et al. Effects of deficit irrigation combined with biochar on summer maize yield and soil N₂O emission in Guanzhong Plain[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2025, 56(9):686-696 张蓬妍, 刘江舟, 王茂东, 等. 亏缺灌溉配施生物炭对关中平原夏玉米产量和土壤N₂O排放的影响[J]. 农业机械学报, 2025, 56(9):686-696
[23] NI M. Evaluation and selection of alfalfa varieties in ordos area[D]. Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2019:24-25 倪苗. 鄂尔多斯地区苜蓿品种评价与筛选[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2019:24-25
[24] BI S N, HOU W F, DE M Q G, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of agronomic traits, yield and nutritional quality of 19 wild Leymus chinensis germplasm resources[J]. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2025(10):130-136, 142 毕盛楠, 候伟峰, 德木其格, 等. 19个野生羊草种质资源农艺性状、产量及营养品质综合评价[J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2025(10):130-136, 142
[25] LIU Y C, WANG P, LIU R J, et al. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar on the fertility of continuous watermelon cropping soil[J]. Microbiology China, 2020, 47(11):3811-3821 刘耀臣, 王萍, 刘润进, 等. 丛枝菌根真菌和生物质炭对连作西瓜土壤肥力的影响[J]. 微生物学通报, 2020, 47(11):3811-3821
[26] WANG X. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar addition on soil physicochemical properties and forage quality in artificial grasslands[D]. Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2025:43-44 王新. 氮肥与生物质炭添加对人工草地土壤理化性质及牧草品质的影响[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2025:43-44
[27] WEI Z H. Evaluation of nutritional value of Sorghum hybrid Sudangrass and its effect on feeding beef cattle by replacing part of whole corn silage[D]. Daqing:Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 2024:18-20 魏梓恒. 高丹草营养价值评价及其替代部分玉米青贮对肉牛饲喂效果研究[D]. 大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学, 2024:18-20
[28] ZHU J H, ZHAO W C, ERASTUS M M, et al. Effects of biochar application and ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting on soil erosion control and alfalfa fodder yield increase[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(5):1314-1326 朱进辉, 赵武成, Mak-Mensah Erastus, 等. 生物炭施加垄沟集雨种植对水土流失及紫花苜蓿草产量的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2024, 32(5):1314-1326
[29] HAO H, DANDAN L, ZHURONG W, et al. Assessment of the straw and biochar application on greenhouse gas emissions and yield in paddy fields under intermittent and controlled irrigation patterns[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2024, 359:108745
[30] WANG K, XU J, GUO H, et al. Reuse of straw in the form of hydrochar: Balancing the carbon budget and rice production under different irrigation management[J]. Waste Management, 2024, 189:77-87

灌溉量与生物质炭施用对紫花苜蓿营养品质与经济效益的影响

Effects of Irrigation Amount and Biochar Application on Nutritional Quality and Economic Benefits of Medicago sativa

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	李若鸿, 赵士强, 彭梦祝, 毛培胜. 贮藏不同年份紫花苜蓿种子吸胀萌发过程中的抗氧化生理响应[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(5): 1557-1567.
[2]	尹芊芊, 申小霞, 杨培志. 不同品种紫花苜蓿刈割再生性能差异及生理机制解析[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(5): 1632-1640.
[3]	杨金辉, 王晓彤, 马永龙, 余冬雯, 童玉花, 马梦凡, 李淑霞. 不同紫花苜蓿种质材料萌发期耐盐性评价[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(5): 1654-1663.
[4]	苏力合, 黄嵘峥, 胡天宇, 马春晖. 盐胁迫下不同紫花苜蓿品种萌发期和苗期的耐盐性综合评价[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(5): 1664-1676.
[5]	李小娥. Pb胁迫对紫花苜蓿种子萌发生理及幼苗抗氧化系统和Pb积累的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(5): 1691-1700.
[6]	韦姗姗, 李成, 蔡雄卫, 赵涵, 刘方材, 王萍, 张晓娟, 姜华, 周凯. 低纬高原季风区青贮玉米品种筛选与综合评价—以云南大理为例[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(5): 1776-1786.
[7]	徐艺, 王婷, 郭玉朋, 苗兴芬, 郑霞, 石鹏君. ‘公农1号’苜蓿不同组织和涝害胁迫下内参基因的筛选评价[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(4): 1146-1157.
[8]	刘晋囡, 张驰昊, 董家乐, 艾晔, 晁跃辉. 紫花苜蓿MsHSP18.2基因的克隆与功能分析[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(4): 1158-1167.
[9]	张金凤, 张婷, 张运婷, 左爱玲, 杨子森, 侯东来, 赵祥, 高鹏. 晋北黄土旱塬区38个饲用燕麦品种的适应性综合评价[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(4): 1262-1274.
[10]	牛浴林, 仝宗永, 陈鹏伟, 秦燕. 土壤改良剂对柴达木盐碱地燕麦生产性能的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(4): 1483-1491.
[11]	马香香, 南丽丽, 杨丽丽, 王利群, 田戈, 郭佳雨. 油菜素内酯对低温胁迫下紫花苜蓿生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(4): 1492-1501.
[12]	禹丽红, 余易泽, 道吉草, 龙思, 冉姝琪, 李晗玉, 许岳飞. 生物炭配施有机肥对青贮玉米生长及品质的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(4): 1502-1509.
[13]	戈孟婷, 乔丹丹, 王新月, 张若琳, 毕明月, 何学青. 纳米氧化铈引发对干旱胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发及生理特性的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(4): 1534-1545.
[14]	李霄坤, 张利平, 单新河, 杨军卫, 任伟, 杨朝伟, 王显国. 青贮玉米与拉巴豆不同混播方式对饲草产量和品质的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(3): 1053-1059.
[15]	原野, 邹雨琪, 白宝超, 孟和高勒, 宝乐尔, 格根图. 玉米-笤帚糜子秸秆比例对TMR发酵特性及腐败机制的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(3): 1060-1076.