草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 2173-2183.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.06.020

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

基于APSIM模型评估山西中北部“苜蓿-玉米”轮作模式产量与降水的匹配度

刘鹏1,2, 贾晓怡1,2, 何世佳1,2, 徐洪雨1,2, 杨轩1,2   

  1. 1. 山西农业大学草业学院, 山西 晋中 030801;
    2. 草地生态保护与乡土草种质创新山西省重点实验室, 山西 晋中 030801
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-11 修回日期:2025-12-21 发布日期:2026-06-02
  • 通讯作者: 杨轩,E-mail:yangxuan2019@sxau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘鹏(2000-),男,汉族,河南驻马店人,硕士研究生,主要从事田间粮草耦合与模型应用研究,E-mail:18137573069@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32001404);山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2020BQ26)资助

Assessment of Yield-Rainfall Matching Degree of the Alfalfa-maize Rotation System in Central and Northern Shanxi Based on the APSIM Model

LIU Peng1,2, JIA Xiao-yi1,2, HE Shi-jia1,2, XU Hong-yu1,2, YANG Xuan1,2   

  1. 1. College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province 030801, China;
    2. Shanxi Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecological Protection and Native Grass Germplasm Innovation, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province 030801
  • Received:2025-08-11 Revised:2025-12-21 Published:2026-06-02

摘要: 本研究拟评估山西中至北部紫花苜蓿-籽实玉米轮作的可持续性,并筛选最优模式。为此,本研究基于多点试验数据校准APSIM(Agricultural Production System Simulator)模型,开展历史情景(1985—2014)与未来情景(2021—2050,2051—2080)长期模拟,比较6A(6年苜蓿)、5A1C(5年苜蓿1年籽实玉米)、4A2C(4年苜蓿2年籽实玉米)。结果表明:模型对产量与生物量拟合良好(归一化均方根误差<20%)。未来情景下,6A当量产量显著高于5A1C与4A2C(P<0.05),较5A1C在2020s与2050s分别增9.45%与12.12%,较4A2C增23.02%与28.49%;历史情景下6A的单循环当量产量也最高(59.98 t·hm-2)。降水匹配度:玉米>0.6;苜蓿5—8月>0.8,4、9、10月偏低,灌溉需求高;未来情景匹配度显著提升(P<0.05),但4—5月6A低于4A2C。综上,未来采用6A可获最高土地生产力,但春季需强化灌溉;4A2C在产出与用水上更稳健,为优化山西饲草种植与适应性选择提供依据。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 玉米, 轮作, 气候变化, APSIM

Abstract: This study aimed to assess the sustainability of alfalfa-grain maize rotations in central-northern Shanxi Province, China, and to screeen the optimal management strategies. The Agricultural Production System Simulator (APSIM) model was calibrated using multi-site experimental data and employed to simulate long-term historical (1985—2014) and future climate scenarios (2021—2050; 2051—2080). Three rotation systems were compared: 6A (6-year continuous alfalfa), 5A1C (5-year alfalfa+1-year grain maize), and 4A2C (4-year alfalfa+2-year grain maize). The results indicated that the model performed well in simulating yield and biomass (Normalized Root Mean Squared Error, NRMSE<20%). Under future climate scenarios, the equivalent yield of 6A was significantly higher than that of 5A1C and 4A2C (P<0.05), which were increased by 9.45% and 23.02% compared to 5A1C in the 2020s and 2050s, respectively and increased by 23.02% and 28.49% compared to 4A2C. Furthermore, 6A achieved the highest single-cycle equivalent yield (59.98 t/hm2) under the historical scenarios. Regarding precipitation matching, values exceeded 0.6 for maize and were >0.8 for alfalfa during May–August. However, the matching degree was lower in April, September, and October, indicating substantial irrigation requirements. The precipitation matching were significantly improved by future scenarios (P<0.05), though the values of 6A remained lower than 4A2C during April and May. In conclusion, 6A maximized land productivity under future climates with enhanced irrigation in spring conversely. 4A2C offers a more balanced combination of productivity and water use efficiency. Our results could support the strategies of optimized forage and adaptive rotation strategy in Shanxi.

Key words: Alfalfa, Maize, Crop rotation, Climate change, APSIM

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