草地学报

›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (6): 1065-1072.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2013.06.005

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

青海海北不同类型高寒草地的克隆植物及其重要性

付京晶1,2, 周华坤1, 赵新全1, 姚步青1, 陈哲1,2, 金艳霞1,2, 温军3   

  1. 1. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 青海 西宁 810008;
    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
    3. 青海省水利水电科学研究所, 青海 西宁 810006
  • 收稿日期:2013-04-09 修回日期:2013-09-01 出版日期:2013-12-15 发布日期:2013-11-27
  • 作者简介:付京晶（1988-），女，湖北孝感人，硕士研究生，主要从事高寒草地克隆植物生态学研究，E-mail：137794561@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（41030105）（31172247）（31201836）；国家科技支撑课题专题（2011BAC09B06-02）；中科院战略性先导科技专项子课题（XDA05070202）；青海省重点实验室发展专项资金计划（2012-Z-Y03）资助

Clonal Plants and Their Importance of Different Alpine Grasslands in Haibei Region, Qinghai Province

FU Jing-jing1,2, ZHOU Hua-kun1, ZHAO Xin-quan1, YAO Bu-qing1, CHEN Zhe1,2, JIN Yan-xia1,2, WEN Jun3   

  1. 1. Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3. Water Resources and Hydropower Institute of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China
  • Received:2013-04-09 Revised:2013-09-01 Online:2013-12-15 Published:2013-11-27

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摘要： 选择中科院海北站矮嵩草（Kobresia humilis）草甸、藏嵩草（K. tibetica）草甸等6类典型草地为研究对象，采用样方调查法分析其群落中克隆植物的分布及在群落中的重要性，并结合多元相关分析法，揭示克隆植物对土壤湿度的响应趋势。结果表明：海北站取样区域内，克隆植物占植物种数（C/Pt）的52.5%；克隆植物的生活型以多年生、密集型为主；高寒草甸地区禾本科和莎草科植物全为克隆植物，其种数分别位于全部植物科的前2位；克隆植物以根茎型最多，共23种，占克隆植物种数的54.76%，其次是分蘖型为11种，占26.19%。在群落水平上，C/Pt的大小依次是：藏嵩草草甸群落（0.67）>沼泽化帕米尔薹草（Carex pamirensis）草甸群落（0.63）>矮嵩草草甸群落（0.58）>金露梅（Potentilla fruticosa）灌丛（0.49）>鼢鼠（Myospalax fontanieri）土丘次生演替群落（0.44）>小嵩草（K. pygmaea）草甸群落（0.42）；克隆植物的相对重要值（IV）在沼泽化帕米尔薹草草甸最大为99.09%，其次为藏嵩草草甸，均显著大于其他群落（P<0.05），鼢鼠土丘次生演替群落的最小。C/Pt与土壤含水量成显著正相关（P<0.05），克隆植物地上生物量、相对重要性与土壤含水量成极显著正相关（P<0.001）；非克隆植物地上生物量、相对重要性与土壤含水量成显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.001）负相关。表明土壤水分显著影响着高寒草地克隆植物与非克隆植物的分配与重要性，即高寒草地上，克隆植物在土壤水分较高的生境中出现频率较多。

关键词: 克隆植物, 克隆植物重要性, 生长型, 生活型, 土壤含水量

Abstract: Six typical grasslands in the Haibei Station of Qinghai province were selected to study the distribution and role of clonal plants in the alpine grassland community with quadrates investigation and multiple correlation analysis method. Results showed that 42 out of 80 plant species were clonal plant species belonging to 14 families and 32 genus, respectively. The main life form of clonal plants in tested area was perennial and tufted. All Gramineous plants and Cyperaceae plants in alpine meadow were clonal plants. Plant species with different clonal growth forms were unevenly and non-randomly distributed. Rhizomatous clonal plants were abundant. On the community levels, the species relative frequencies of clonal plants (C/Pt) were ordered as Kbresia tibetica meadow community (0.67)> swampy Carex pamirensis meadow community (0.63)>K.humilis meadow community (0.58) > Potentilla fruticosa shrub (0.49)> Bailey mounds (0.44)>K. pygmaea meadows community (0.42). The relative importance value of clonal plants (IV) in swampy C. pamirensis meadow was the highest. Clonal plants played a more important role in K. tibetica meadow and swampy C. pamirensis meadow than that in other communities. However, they played a least important role in bailey mounds. In Haibei Station, The C/Pt was positive correlated with soil moisture significantly (P<0.05). The aboveground biomass of clonal plants had highly significant positive correlation with soil moisture (P<0.001), while the aboveground biomass of non-clonal plants had significant negative one (P<0.05). The IV of clonal plants also had highly significant positive correlation with soil moisture, whereas that of non-clonal plants had significant negative correlation (P<0.001). Therefore, it was found that soil moisture affected significantly the distribution and role of clonal plants and non-clonal plants in alpine grassland. Clonal plants were abundant and played a prominent role in the relatively humid habitats.

Key words: Clonal plant, Importance of clonal plants, Growth form, Life form, Soil water content

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