草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 3263-3271.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.10.014

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

青海省河南县高寒草甸根际土壤细菌对放牧的响应

王添1, 陈兰1, 谢永丽1,2, 陆海年1, 许梦茹1, 杨雪1   

  1. 1. 青海大学农牧学院, 青海 西宁 810016;
    2. 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-22 修回日期:2024-12-22 发布日期:2025-10-17
  • 通讯作者: 谢永丽,E-mail:qhdxxyl@163.com
  • 作者简介:谢永丽,E-mail:qhdxxyl@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省科技厅应用基础研究项目(2023-ZJ-709);国家自然科学基金(32160030)资助

Responses of Rhizosphere Bacteria to Grazing in Alpine Meadow of Henan County, Qinghai Province

WANG Tian1, CHEN Lan1, XIE Yong-li1,2, LU Hai-nian1, XU Meng-ru1, YANG Xue1   

  1. 1. College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China
  • Received:2024-08-22 Revised:2024-12-22 Published:2025-10-17

摘要: 本文对青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统不同放牧强度下根际土壤细菌群落响应机制展开研究。通过在青海河南县设置禁牧(NG)、轻度放牧(LG)、中度放牧(MG)和重度放牧(HG)4个梯度试验样地,运用16S rRNA基因测序技术结合土壤理化分析,系统解析放牧强度对微生物群落结构及功能的影响。结果表明:禁牧区细菌α多样性指数显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);MG和HG处理中检测到Candidatus Saccharibacteria等特征菌门,但主要门水平组成无显著差异。土壤理化指标显示,HG处理有机碳含量较LG显著增加28.6%(P<0.05);随放牧强度增加,土壤pH值下降,铵态氮含量上升41.2%而硝态氮含量降低63.8%。Spearman相关性分析揭示关键菌属与土壤参数存在显著关联:PseudonocardiaAcidibacter与铵态氮呈正相关,Gp17与有机碳负相关,而Gp16则与硝态氮负相关。因此,适度放牧(LG-MG)可维持较高微生物多样性,但高强度放牧导致菌群结构简化,建议将放牧强度控制在60%草地利用率以下以保障高寒草甸生态安全。

关键词: 放牧强度, 高寒草甸, 根际细菌, 土壤理化性质

Abstract: This study investigated the response mechanisms of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities to grazing intensities in alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Four experimental plots with no grazing (NG), light grazing (LG), moderate grazing (MG), and heavy grazing (HG) intensities were established in Henan County, Qinghai Province. Combining 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and soil physicochemical analysis, we systematically analyzed grazing impacts on microbial community structure and function. Results showed that bacterial α-diversity in NG was significantly higher than other treatments (P<0.05). Characteristic phyla including Candidatus Saccharibacteria emerged in MG and HG, but dominant phyla remained stable across treatments. Soil analysis revealed organic carbon was 28.6% higher in HG than LG (P<0.05), pH decreased and ammonium-N increased by 41.2% while nitrate-N decreased by 63.8% along grazing gradients. Spearman analysis identified significant correlations between key genera and soil parameters: Pseudonocardia and Acidibacter showed positive correlations with ammonium-N, Gp17 was negatively correlated with organic carbon, while Gp16 exhibited negative correlation with nitrate-N. The findings suggested appropriate grazing (LG-MG) maintained higher microbial diversity, but intense grazing simplified community structure. We recommend maintaining below 60% grassland utilization rate of grazing intensity to ensure ecological sustainability of alpine meadows.

Key words: Grazing intensity, Alpine meadow, Ahizosphere bacterial microbiota, Soil physicochemical properties

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