草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 1262-1274.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.04.012

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

晋北黄土旱塬区38个饲用燕麦品种的适应性综合评价

张金凤1, 张婷2, 张运婷2, 左爱玲3, 杨子森2, 侯东来2, 赵祥1, 高鹏1   

  1. 1. 山西农业大学草业学院/农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室/草地生态保护与乡土草种质创新 山西省重点实验室, 山西 太谷 030801;
    2. 山西省畜牧技术推广服务中心, 山西 太原 030031;
    3. 山西省畜牧兽医学校, 山西 太原 030024
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-30 修回日期:2025-12-14 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 通讯作者: 高鹏，E-mail：zyjt_721@163.com
  • 作者简介:张金凤（1999-），女，汉族，陕西汉中人，硕士研究生，主要从事牧草抗病育种研究，E-mail：2656954568@qq.com；
  • 基金资助:
    山西农业大学科技创新基金（2018YJ37）；山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金（2025MC-02-01）资助

Adaptive Comprehensive Evaluation of 38 Forage Oat Varieties in the Northern Shanxi Dryland Loess Plateau

ZHANG Jin-feng1, ZHANG Ting2, ZHANG Yun-ting2, ZUO Ai-ling3, YANG Zi-sen2, HOU Dong-lai2, ZHAO Xiang1, GAO Peng1   

  1. 1. College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecological Protection and Native Grass Germplasm Innovation, Taigu, Shanxi Province 030801, China;
    2. Center of Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Service on Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030031, China;
    3. Shanxi Vocational College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030024, China
  • Received:2025-10-30 Revised:2025-12-14 Published:2026-04-15

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摘要： 山西省北部黄土旱塬区是我国重要燕麦产区，但因降水不足、适宜品种缺乏，饲草效益偏低。为筛选优质高产饲用燕麦品种，本研究引进并评估38个国产及进口主推品种，综合分析其生育期、农艺性状、产量及营养品质。结果表明：生育期87~127 d，极晚熟品种占多数（21个），早熟仅3个；‘牧乐思’和‘甜燕3号’鲜草与干草产量最高（分别达27.1×103和23.5×103 kg·hm-2鲜草，11.7×103和11.5×103 kg·hm-2干草）；‘梦龙’等5个品种可溶性糖含量最高（16.4%~18.1%），‘苏特’等3个粗蛋白含量最高（8.7%~8.8%）；17个品种相对饲喂价值（R）达113.7~126.1，属优质饲草。按《燕麦干草质量分级》标准，13个为A型草，9个为B型草（均为三级）。综合表现最优的‘牧乐思’‘梦龙’‘甜燕3号’‘加燕2号’和‘美达’建议在晋北旱塬区优先推广。

关键词: 燕麦, 生育期, 生产性能, 营养品质, 聚类分析, 隶属函数

Abstract: Though the Loess Plateau dryland region in northern Shanxi is a key oat-producing area in China， its forage productivity remains low due to limited rainfall and a lack of suitable oat varieties. To identify high-quality， high-yield forage oat （Avena sativa） cultivars， we evaluated 38 widely promoted domestic and imported varieties， assessing their growth periods， agronomic traits， yields， and nutritional quality. The results showed that there was significant variation in maturity time （86-127 days）， with late-maturing types predominating （21/38）. ‘Molasses’ and ‘Tianyan No.3’ achieved the highest fresh （27 100 and 23 500 kg·hm-2） and dry forage yields （11 700 and 11 500 kg·hm-2）. Five cultivars-including ‘Magnum’-had the highest soluble sugar content （16.4%-18.1%）， while ‘Shooter’‘Longyan No.2’ and ‘Longyan No.1’ had the greatest crude protein content （8.7%-8.8%）. Seventeen varieties exhibited premium forage quality， with Relative Forage Value values of 113.7-126.1. Based on the “Quality Classification of Oat Hay” standard， 13 cultivars were classified as Type A hay and 9 as Type B （all Grade III）. Overall， ‘Molasses’ ‘Magnum’ ‘Tianyan No.3’ ‘Jiayan No.2，’ and ‘Monida’ demonstrated superior performance and are recommended for priority adoption in eastern dryland areas of northern Shanxi’s Loess Plateau.

Key words: Oat （Avena sativa）, Growth period, Production performance, Nutritional quality, Cluster analysis, Membership function

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