草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 2962-2972.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.09.021

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

放牧强度对荒漠草原植物群落组成和营养品质的影响

鞠馨1, 王新雅1, 王冰莹2, 韩国栋1, 武倩1   

  1. 1. 内蒙古农业大学草业学院/草地资源教育部重点实验室, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010011;
    2. 巴林右旗森林草原保护发展中心, 内蒙古 巴林右旗 025150
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-05 修回日期:2025-04-22 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-22
  • 通讯作者: 武倩,E-mail:qianwu@imau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:鞠馨(1997-),女,汉族,内蒙古赤峰人,博士研究生,主要从事草地资源生态与管理研究,E-mail:juxinimau@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目(2025YQ019);国家自然科学基金重大项目(32192463)资助

Effects of Grazing Intensity on Plant Community Composition and Nutrient Quality of Forage in a Desert Steppe

JU Xin1, WANG Xin-ya1, WANG Bing-ying2, HAN Guo-dong1, WU Qian1   

  1. 1. College of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010011, China;
    2. Forest and Grassland Protection and Development Center, Bairin Right Banner, Inner Mongolia 025150, China
  • Received:2025-02-05 Revised:2025-04-22 Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-09-22

摘要: 本研究基于短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)荒漠草原建立的长期放牧试验平台,分析不同放牧强度下(对照CK、轻度放牧LG、中度放牧MG、重度放牧HG)植物营养品质变化及其与植物群落组成和土壤养分的关系。结果表明:与对照相比,重度放牧群落生物量、多样性、多年生禾草、灌木及半灌木生物量均显著降低(P<0.05);轻度放牧群落粗蛋白含量显著增加了5.13%,重度放牧群落中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维分别显著增加了43.97%和23.55%,重度放牧粗脂肪含量显著降低了39.16%(P<0.05);粗蛋白含量与多年生禾草生物量、土壤有机碳、土壤氮相关养分显著正相关,酸性洗涤纤维与多年生杂类草、灌木及半灌木生物量、土壤有机碳、土壤氮相关养分呈显著负相关。在荒漠草原,轻度放牧植物群落组成丰富、生物量高,粗蛋白含量高而纤维含量低,有利于生产力维持和牧草品质健康,是实现草地可持续利用的适宜放牧强度。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 放牧, 载畜率, 植物群落组成, 营养品质

Abstract: In this study, based on a long-term grazing experiment established in 2004 in a Stipa breviflora desert steppe, the changes in plant nutritional quality under different grazing intensities (control CK, light grazing LG, moderate grazing MG, and heavy grazing HG) and their relationships with plant community composition and soil nutrients with were analyzed. The results showed that heavy grazing significantly reduced aboveground and belowground biomass as well as the biomass of perennial grasses, shrubs, and semi-shrubs compared to the control, while significantly increasing the biomass of annual and biennial species (P<0.05). Light grazing increased crude protein content by 5.12%, whereas heavy grazing significantly elevated neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber by 43.97% and 23.54%, respectively, and decreased crude fat content by 39.16% (P<0.05). Moreover, crude protein content was positively correlated with perennial grass biomass, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen, while acid detergent fiber was negatively correlated with the biomass of perennial forbs, shrubs and semi-shrubs, soil organic carbon, and soil nitrogen-related nutrients. Therefore, in desert steppe ecosystems, light grazing-characterized by a diverse plant community, high biomass, elevated crude protein content, and reduced fiber levels is conducive to maintaining productivity and forage quality and represents a suitable grazing intensity for achieving long-term sustainable use of grasslands.

Key words: Desert steppe, Grazing, Stocking rate, Plant community composition, Nutritional quality

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