草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 2128-2137.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.06.016

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

苗期筛选结合室内加代快速创制紫花苜蓿耐盐碱新种质

侯玉卓1, 周沁盈1, 高娅楠1, 徐明志1, 刘燕蓉1, 刘亚玲2, 张万军1   

  1. 1. 中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院, 北京 100193;
    2. 内蒙古草业技术创新有限公司, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-02 修回日期:2026-01-30 发布日期:2026-06-02
  • 通讯作者: 张万军,E-mail:wjzhang@cau.edu.cn;刘亚玲,E-mail:314055329@qq.com
  • 作者简介:侯玉卓(2001-),女,汉族,黑龙江大庆人,硕士研究生,主要从事苜蓿转基因育种研究,E-mail:2091156829@qq.com;周沁盈(2001-),女,汉族,四川泸州人,硕士研究生,主要从事苜蓿转基因育种研究,E-mail:1534506283@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家草业技术创新中心(筹)重大创新平台建设专项(CCPTZX2023N05)资助;兵团财政科技计划(2024AB020)资助

Rapid Creation of Salt-alkali Tolerant Alfalfa Germplasm by Combining Seedling Stage Screening and Indoor Generation Addition

HOU Yu-zhuo1, ZHOU Qin-ying1, GAO Ya-nan1, XU Ming-zhi1, LIU Yan-rong1, LIU Ya-ling2, ZHANG Wan-jun1   

  1. 1. College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193;
    2. Inner Mongolia Grass Industry Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, Chnia
  • Received:2025-12-02 Revised:2026-01-30 Published:2026-06-02

摘要: 为快速培育紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)耐盐碱新种质,本研究以19份紫花苜蓿种质为试验材料,建立了幼苗期耐盐碱苜蓿种质筛选体系;进一步通过室内加代获得第一代杂交种(F1),并对其进行耐盐碱性评价。结果表明:2周龄苜蓿幼苗在0.1 mol·L-1 Na+(NaCl∶NaHCO3=1∶1,pH=8.5)条件下处理72 h,可有效筛选苜蓿耐盐碱单株。对19份紫花苜蓿种质幼苗期耐盐碱性进行评价,发现‘WL-168HQ’‘大银河’‘Bara416’植株存活率显著高于其他种质。通过调节光质配比,确定FCL5(450~465 nm(白光)66.67%,450~480 nm(蓝光) 6.67%,615~650 nm(红光)26.66%)光质下苜蓿生长健康且开花诱导率高。结合放蜜蜂授粉,收获到110株耐盐碱植株的F1代半同胞家系种子。对6个F1代半同胞家系植株的耐盐碱性进行评价,确定‘康赛I’‘Bara416’和‘ZN-CT25’的F1代耐盐碱植株比例较未筛选商品种显著提高。本研究为耐盐碱紫花苜蓿新品种的快速培育提供了技术支持和种质资源。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 耐盐碱性, 加代繁育, 筛选评价

Abstract: To accelerate the breeding of salt-alkali-tolerant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) varieties, in this study 19 alfalfa germplasms were used to establish a seedling-stage screening system for identifying salt-alkali-tolerant materials. By combining generation breeding, salt-alkali-tolerant alfalfa germplasms were rapidly propagated to obtain the first generation hybrid (F1), which were subsequently evaluated for salt-alkali tolerance. The results showed that two-week-old alfalfa seedlings treated with 0.1 mol·L-1 Na+ (NaCl∶NaHCO3=1∶1, pH=8.5) for 72 h could be effectively used to screen salt-alkali-tolerant individuals. Evaluation of 19 alfalfa germplasms at the seedling stage revealed that cultivars ‘WL-168HQ’ ‘Galaxie Max’ and ‘Bara416’ exhibited significantly higher salt-alkali tolerance than the others. By adjusting the light quality ratio, the FCL5 light condition (450-465 nm (white light) 66.67%, 450-480 nm (blue light) 6.67%, 615-650 nm (red light) 26.66%) was identified as optimal, which supported healthy growth and high induction efficiency. Under FCL5 condition, 110 elite salt-alkali-tolerant plants were subjected to flowering induction and open pollination to produce F1 half-sib family seeds. Evaluation of six F1 half-sib families demonstrated that the proportions of salt-alkali-tolerant plants in ‘Octane’‘Bara416’ and ‘ZN-CT25’ families were significantly higher than those of unselected commercial cultivars. This study provides technical support and valuable germplasm resources for the breeding of new salt-alkali-tolerant alfalfa varieties.

Key words: Alfalfa, salt and alkali resistance, generation breeding, screening evaluation

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