Abstract:

The yield and growth characteristics of 3 naked oats (Avena nuda) varieties, ‘Qingyin No.3’,‘Baiyan No.2’ and ‘Bayan No.3’ under different planting dates were analyzed to study their best planting date in Huangzhong county (altitude of 2670 m), Qinghai Province. The results showed that the whole growth period of 3 naked oats varieties was shorten, and the total tiller number (TN), number of tillers over 3 leaves (TN₃) and effective tiller number (ETN) decreased with delaying of the planting dates. Leaf area index (LAI) gradually rose in the vegetative period, while it declined in the period of reproductive growth. Leaf area duration (LAD) tend to decrease at the period of vegetative period and reproductive growth. The dry weight accumulation (DWA) in different organs and the crop growth rate (CGR) of the 3 naked oats decreased with the delaying of planting dates. The DWA and CGR from trefoil stage (TRS) to heading stage (HS) was higher than those of from HS to mature stage (MS). The spikelet number (SN), thousand-kernel weight (TKW) and seed yield (SY) of 3 naked oats tended to decrease, while the infecundity spikelet number (ISN) and shriveled seed number (SSN) increased with delaying of planting date. The comprehensive evaluation of 3 naked oats showed that ‘Baiyan No.2’ is an optimum variety for forage production, and ‘Qingyin No.3’ is an optimum variety for seed production. Their optimum planting date is in early April in Huangzhong county, Qinghai Province.

Key words: Naked oats, Planting dates, Yield, Growth characteristics

摘要：

为探讨高寒地区裸燕麦（Avena nuda）品种最佳播期，以‘青引3号’、‘白燕2号’和‘坝燕3号’3个裸燕麦品种为研究对象，在青海省湟中县（海拔2670 m）通过分期播种，对3个裸燕麦品种产量和生长特性进行了分析。结果表明：随着播期的推迟，3个裸燕麦品种全生育期缩短，总分蘖数、大蘖数、有效分蘖数减少；叶面积指数在营养生长期逐渐上升，生殖生长期则相对下降；各阶段光合势呈降低的趋势；各时期各器官干物质积累量和群体生长速率均表现为随播期的推迟而下降，且三叶期—抽穗期高于抽穗期—成熟期；3个裸燕麦品种随着播期的延迟，穗数、千粒重和种子产量下降，不孕小穗数和瘪粒数增加。对3个裸燕麦品种综合评价表明，该地区饲草生产利用应首选‘白燕2号’莜麦，种子生产利用应首选‘青引3号’莜麦，播期以4月上旬为最佳。

关键词: 裸燕麦, 播期, 产量, 生长特性