WRKY proteins are one of the largest families of transcription factors （TFs） found in plants. Members of this family play important bidirectional regulatory roles in plant growth and development， biomass formation， secondary metabolite synthesis， and response to biotic or abiotic stresses. This paper provided a comprehensive review of the structural features and classification of WRKY TFs in plants， as well as their biological functions in plant growth and development， secondary metabolite synthesis， and biotic and abiotic stresses unearthed in the last five years， and also provided an outlook on the subsequent related studies of WRKY family members， aiming to provide technical references for further excavation of plant WRKY family members and their biological function studies.

This study focused on the temperate mountainous grassland in Luoshan Nature Reserve of Ningxia， aiming to investigate the characteristic changes of soil seed banks at different altitudes. By conducting indoor germination identification experiments of seedlings from the soil seed bank， we studied the seed banks of four altitudes： T ₁ （2374 m）， T ₂ （2132 m）， T ₃ （1823 m）， and T ₄ （1566 m）. The results indicated that the average density of soil seed banks at different altitudes ranged from 716.67 to 2333.33 seeds·m ^-2， with perennial herbs predominating. As altitude increased， annual herbs decreased， and the number of seeds exhibited varying trends， mainly concentrating in the 0-5 cm soil layer. The diversity of soil seed banks showed significant differences （ P<0.05）， and there was a moderate dissimilarity between soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation at different altitudes. The total seed densities of the soil seed banks at T ₁， T ₂， T ₃， and T ₄ were 2333.33， 866.67， 1658.33， and 716.67 seeds·m ^-2， respectively. The total soil seed bank was significantly positively correlated with available phosphorus （ P<0.05） and significantly negatively correlated with soil temperature （ P<0.05）. Therefore， available phosphorus and temperature had the greatest impact on the species diversity of the total soil seed bank， providing an important basis for formulating ecological restoration strategies.

Grassland fires， particularly devastating fires， cause severe declines in biodiversity， vegetation degradation， environmental pollution， and significant human and property losses. Therefore， effective wildfire prevention and control in grassland ecosystems is extremely important. This paper systematically reviewed global grassland fire management technologies and proposed a comprehensive framework centered on four core components： forecasting techniques， monitoring technology， barrier technology， and fire extinguishing technology. Forecasting techniques used models to assess fire occurrence probability and intensity， which triggered the activation of an “air-space-ground” integrated monitoring network for long-term surveillance of high-risk areas. Pre-planned firebreaks were strategically deployed based on early warnings to create physical barriers. When fires occurred， an intelligent decision-making system quickly generated optimal suppression strategies using pre-collected fire behavior data， enabling targeted fire suppression. These four technologies were integrated into a closed-loop management system encompassing “prediction- warning， dynamic monitoring， physical barriers， and precision suppression，” with artificial intelligence and big data platforms facilitating technical interoperability and information sharing. Future research should prioritize eco-friendly solutions， intelligent control mechanisms， and high-efficiency precision technologies. This study provided a critical theoretical foundation for enhancing China’s grassland fire prevention systems and mitigating fire-related damages.

To explore the divergent responses of nutrient dynamics of plants with different functional groups and plant community to grazing and fencing， a randomized block experiment was set up in a desert steppe with different grassland measures （fencing， light grazing， and moderate grazing） in Inner Mongolia， China. We determined the concentrations of nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） in aboveground parts of plants within different functional groups （ Stipa breviflora， Cleistogenes songorica， Artemisia frigida and Convolvulus ammannii） during the growing season. The results showed that grassland management measures， plant functional groups， and their interactions significantly affected nutrient concentrations， nutrient utilization efficiency， and nutrient resorption efficiency of N and P. At the beginning of growing season， N and P concentrations among S. breviflora， C. songorica， C. ammannii， and A. frigida were not significantly different between grazing and fencing， but at the peak of growing season and at the end of growing season， they were significantly higher in the moderate grazing than those in the fencing. N and P utilization efficiencies for all four species were significantly higher in fenced grasslands than those in grazed grasslands， with N use efficiency of S. breviflora and C. songorica reaching 58.1% and 55.3%， respectively. Moderate grazing significantly reduced N and P resorption efficiencies in S. breviflora but increased in C. songorica. Community aboveground N and P pools in the fenced grasslands were 4.15 and 4.83 times higher than those in moderate grazing grasslands. This study demonstrated that compared with grazing， fencing increased nutrient utilization efficiency by reducing plant nutrient concentrations and increased the community aboveground nutrient pools by increasing aboveground biomass. This study deepens the understanding of nutrient cycling in desert grassland ecosystems and provides data support for scientific management of desert grasslands.

As a cryptic vegetation type in the temperate steppe， the sparse forest grassland of sand elm （ Ulmus pumila L. var. sabulosa） in the Otindag Sandy Land have played a crucial role in wind prevention， sand fixation， soil improvement， and biodiversity maintenance. In recent years， climate change and intense human activities have caused a significant decline in the sand elm population， and this trend continues to worsen. However， current research has not systematically investigated the ecological characteristics and conservation strategies of the sand elm population. In this paper， we explored the physiological and ecological characteristics， reproductive strategies， symbiotic relationships， and responses of sand elm to climatic and anthropogenic disturbances， and proposed conservation measures accordingly. The results showed that sand elm employed a variety of ecological strategies to cope with disturbances， but its future development largely depends on the influence of human activities. Conservation measures should consider the ecological characteristics of sand elm， focusing on enhancing ecosystem stability through monitoring plots， increasing biodiversity， and reducing wind and sand erosion. Future research should explore how to balance ecological protection with regional economic development， and investigate the integration of eco-tourism and other emerging industries to promote the restoration and sustainable development of sand elm.

Lactobacillus buchneri, as a widely studied probiotic, has been shown to play active roles in silage fermentation. Although a large number of studies have demonstrated Lactobacillus buchneri has application value in silage, the results of previous studies on its effects on silage quality were varied widely, which may be due to a variety of factors such as experimental design, silage conditions, and differences in the strains used. In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus buchneri on silage fermentation quality, nutrient composition, aerobic stability and microbial diversity. Sixty-five published articles were included in the database to assess the effects of Lactobacillus buchneri on silage, and the results showed that its addition significantly increased the crude protein content and decreased the indigestible fibre content of silage. At the same time, the addition of Lactobacillus buchneri altered the fermentation pattern of the silage and improved the fermentation quality. Although the addition of Lactobacillus buchneri inhibited microbial diversity, it could increase the number of lactic acid bacteria to a certain extent and effectively inhibit the growth of spoilage microorganisms such as aerobic bacteria, which significantly improved the aerobic stability of silage. The subgroup analysis was used to accurately assess the effects of Lactobacillus buchneri in silage, and it was determined that the most suitable silage raw material species for Lactobacillus buchneri addition alone was leguminous forage. The optimal dosage range was 1×10 ⁶~1×10 ⁸ cfu·g ^－1, and the most significant effect was achieved 45-60 days after the addition of Lactobacillus buchneri in the silage.

In order to establish a good airport environment in Northwest region, this study used six common groundcover plants as materials and set three fertilization levels （single application of urea） at 10 g·m ^-2 （F1）, 20 g·m ^-2 （F2） and 30 g·m ^-2 （F3）. By measuring changes in PM ₁₀, PM _2.5, PM ₁, Dust retention （Dr）, and Equivalent continuous sound level attenuation （Leq attenuation）, the study assessed the ability of the six groundcover plants under different fertilization treatments to improve the air quality and reduce noise and dust in the airport flight area. The results showed that Festuca arundinacea Schreb. （TF）, Buchloe dactyloides （BG）, Poa pratensis （KB）, Carex leucochlora （CL） and Agropyron cristatum （AC） under the F1 fertilization gradient, and Festuca rubra （RF） under the F2 fertilization gradient had the strong effect on improving air quality and reducing noise and dust retention in the airport runway area. The comprehensive evaluation results of the weight of each index showed that the ability of the six groundcover plants to improve the air quality and reduce noise and dust in the airport flight area, from strong to weak, was F1TF>F1BG>F1KB>F1AC>F2RF>F1CL； the promotion effect of nitrogen fertilizer treatment was F1>F2>F3. In summary, F. arundinacea under 10 g·m ^-2 fertilization level （F1TF） has the greatest potential for airport noise reduction, dust retention, and improvement of air quality in the airport runway area.

To explore the changes of non-rhizosphere， rhizosphere and rhizosheath soil bacterial communities of grassland plant under the background of climate warming and increased nitrogen deposition， high-throughput sequencing analysis of non-rhizosphere， rhizosphere and rhizosheath soil bacterial communities of the dominant grass Cleistogenes songorica （Roshev.） Ohwi was performed based on the long-term warming and nitrogen addition experimental platform in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia. The results showed that the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes in the rhizosphere and rhizosheath soil was significantly increased by warming and nitrogen addition， while the relative abundance of Acidobacteria decreased. There was no significant difference on bacterial diversity in the non-rhizosphere， rhizosphere and rhizosheath soil. Compared to non-rhizosphere soil， the Shannon-Wiener index of rhizosphere and rhizosheath soil bacterial communities was decreased by 3.06% and 3.27%， respectively. Warming and nitrogen addition reduced the network complexity and stability of soil bacteria， and the network complexity and stability of soil bacteria varied at different distances from roots. In conclusion， the composition， diversity and network complexity of soil bacterial communities in the non-rhizosphere， rhizosphere and rhizosheath of Cleistogenes songorica had different responses to climate change. Future studies on the effects of climate change on soil microbes in grasslands should distinguish the differences of soil microbes at different distances from plant roots. This will lead to a deeper understanding of the interactions between plants and soil microbes and their adaptability to climate change.

The alpine peatland in Zoige plays an important role in global carbon storage and climate regulation， and drainage has an important impact on soil characteristics and ecological functions of the peatland. At present， the response of soil enzyme activity to drainage in the area is still unclear. This study selected alpine peatland that have been drained for 50 years and adjacent near-natural peatland to explore the response of soil hydrolase and oxidase activities to drainage， and to reveal the mechanism of drainage on soil enzyme activities in alpine peatlands from aspects such as plants and soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that along the soil profile， soil enzyme activities and most soil physicochemical properties significantly decreased， while the nutrient stoichiometric ratio significantly increased. After drainage， nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus in different soil layers showed an upward trend， while other physicochemical properties showed a downward trend and the hydrolase activities in the 20-100 cm soil layer and the oxidase activities in different soil layers significantly decreased. The effects of drainage on soil enzyme activities were mainly jointly regulated by soil water content， pH value， aboveground biomass of plants， soil nutrients and stoichiometric ratios. This study provides certain scientific basis for understanding the soil carbon dynamics in alpine peatlands and the management of peatland carbon pools.

In recent years， global warming has led to severe degradation of alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. In this study we investigated the soil enzyme activities and their stoichiometric characteristics in different types of alpine grasslands in the Naqu region of Xizang， aiming to understand the soil nutrient status and grassland ecosystem functions. The results show that soil enzyme activities varied significantly among different grassland types （0.5245-20 446 U·g ^-1）， with degraded grasslands having lower enzyme activities than non-degraded ones， except for alkaline phosphatase （AKP） and exoglucan β-1，4-glucanase （CBH）. In alpine meadows， the vector angle of soil AKP was greater than 45°， indicating limitation of phosphorus nutrient. Degraded grasslands had higher Enzyme C/P and Enzyme N/P ratios， suggesting microbial limitations of carbon and phosphorus， while Enzyme C/N ratios showed no significant differences. Soil organic carbon （SOC）， total nitrogen （TN）， total phosphorus （TP）， and available phosphorus （AP） contents were the main factors affecting soil enzyme activities. Differences in microbial biomass carbon （MBC） and microbial biomass nitrogen （MBN） contents reflect distinctions in microbial community structure and affect enzyme secretion. The differences in soil nutrient structure among different grassland types directly influenced enzyme secretion， leading to significant differences. In the future， combining soil microbial community composition and functional characteristics could further reveal the mechanisms of soil nutrient cycling and ecosystem function in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau， providing effective suggestions for grassland management and ecological restoration of degraded grasslands.

Moss crusts, as the ultimate stage of biological soil crust succession, are capable of conserving water sources, repairing surface ecosystems, preventing soil erosion, and promoting the establishment of shrubs and grasses. Brachythecium plumosum （Hedw.） B. S. G., a dominant bryophyte species widely distributed on the bare rocks of the northern slopes of the Qinling Mountains, is extremely sensitive to microenvironmental change such as humidity and temperature in terms of its reproductive utilization efficiency. To clarify the optimal temperature for the dry preservation of saxicolous bryophyte crust in the Qinling Mountains, in this study we took the saxicolous bryophyte crust dominated by Brachythecium plumosum as the research subject, and measured contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, malondialdehyde, and chlorophyll a and b of Brachythecium plumosum thant collected in different seasons under dry preservation in shade and at various temperatures （-5℃, 5℃, 15℃, 25℃）. Curve fitting was also used to predict the trends in physiological indicators of Brachythecium plumosum. The results showed that the optimal collection season for saxicolous bryophyte crust dominated by Brachythecium plumosum is autumn, and the best preservation temperature treatment is 5℃, with the simulated prediction for the best preservation temperature is 2.42℃. The results of this study provide an important theoretical and practical basis for the industrial preservation, production and ecological restoration application of moss crust.

Net ecosystem productivity （NEP） plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem carbon balance and can be used as an indicator to quantify carbon sources and sinks in terrestrial ecosystems. As a typical alpine mountain endorheic river basin on the Tibetan Plateau, studying the spatial and temporal dynamics of ecosystem carbon sinks in the Qinghai Lake Basin holds great significance for the sustainable development of both the Qinghai Lake Basin and the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we estimated the NEP of the Qinghai Lake Basin from 2000 to 2022 based on remote sensing data and soil heterotrophic respiration model, and analyzed the dynamics of spatial and temporal patterns of NEP in the basin with the help of spatial analysis by ArcGIS and mathematical and statistical methods. The results showed that the annual average NEP in the Qinghai Lake Basin showed a fluctuating increase trend in the past 23 years, with a range of 170.85~240.01 g·m ^-2·a ^-1, and the multi-year average NEP was 204.5 g·m ^-2·a ^-1. The multi-year average NEP in the Qinghai Lake Basin showed a decreasing trend from south-east to north-west. The increase in annual NEP values in the Qinghai Lake Basin during the study period was mainly concentrated in the areas with Fractional Vegetation Cover <10% and ≥50%； the major ecosystems in the basin all showed carbon sinks. The mean annual NEP values were positively correlated with the mean annual fractional vegetation cover and the mean annual air temperature, but not with the annual precipitation. The carbon sink function of the ecosystems in the Qinghai Lake Basin decreases with increasing altitude. Over the past 23 years, the warming and humidification of the climate, along with ecological protection and restoration measures, have contributed to the accumulation of carbon sinks in the ecosystems of the Qinghai Lake Basin.

To investigate the response of soil seed banks in alpine meadow to the dynamics of grassland desertification， the characteristics of soil seed bank in the alpine meadow of northwest Sichuan were analyzed by field investigation and indoor seed germination method. The grasslands with varying degrees of desertification in Ruoergai County were selected in this study， including mobile sandy grasslands， semi-fixed sandy grasslands， fixed sandy grasslands， dune grasslands， and natural grasslands. By conducting statistical analyses on seed density， life forms， species diversity indices， and similarity indices within these soil seed banks， the study examines and analyzes the characteristics and dynamic changes of soil seed banks within the study area. The results show that：（1） a total of 27 plant species seeds， belonging to 14 families， were recorded in the soil seed bank within the study plots， predominantly perennial herbs， especially those from the Fabaceae， Asteraceae， Ranunculaceae， and Poaceae families. （2） The number of soil seeds in each plot shows a distinct vertical distribution pattern， with over 60% enriched in the topsoil layer of 0-5 cm. （3） Grassland desertification significantly impacted the density of the soil seed bank （48.74-834.33 seeds·m ^-2）， similarity index （0.21-0.61）， and species diversity index （ P<0.05）. As the degree of desertification intensified， both the density and similarity index of the soil seed bank in desertified grasslands decreased continuously. The species diversity index showed a trend of fixed sandy land > semi-fixed sandy land > dune grassland > mobile sandy land. The findings indicate that grassland desertification leads to impaired function of the soil seed bank， with reduced quantity and diversity of seeds， and the retreat of zonal populations that are unsuitable for survival， making natural recovery difficult. Therefore， artificially supplementing above-ground vegetation and establishing effective activation of seed germination in the soil seed bank are crucial approaches for the restoration and reconstruction of vegetation in desertified grasslands in the alpine region of northwestern Sichuan.

In order to study the effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on seed germination and seedling growth of Lespedeza davurica under drought stress， Lespedeza davurica seeds under drought stress were used as the research object. Sodium hydrosulfide was adopted as the exogenous donor of hydrogen sulfide. PEG-6000 was used to simulate drought stress in this experiment. After soaking with exogenous hydrogen sulfide of different concentrations， seed germination indexes and the physiological and growth indexes of seedling were measured. The results indicated that seed soaking with exogenous hydrogen sulfide enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activity of seedlings under drought stress， increased relative water content， and reduced the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content， thereby alleviating the inhibitory effects of drought stress on seed germination and seedling growth， among which 50 μmol·L ^-1 exogenous hydrogen sulfide was the most effective. To sum up， seed soaking with exogenous hydrogen sulfide not only boosted seed germination and seedling growth， but also strengthened its drought resistance.

Xizang is a crucial ecological security barrier for China. Monitoring and researching land use changes in Xizang is fundamental to ensure its role as an ecological security barrier and is of great significance for achieving sustainable development. Based on five phases of land use data from Wuhan University spanning from 2000 to 2020, this study analyzes the land use changes in Xizang. The results showed： （1） grasslands are the primary land use type in Xizang and the main source of land conversion to other types, accounting for approximately 73% of the total area of the region. This is followed by unutilized land. Construction land accounts for the smallest proportion but exhibits the biggest fluctuations. Except for unutilized land, the areas of cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water bodies, and construction land generally increased. （2） The period from 2000 to 2005 experienced the most dramatic land use changes in Xizang, with the most marked changes observed in grassland and unutilized land. The period from 2015 to 2020 showed the most stable changes, showing an overall trend towards urbanization in Xizang. （3） Although the overall degree of land use change in Xizang tends to be moderate, it is still moving towards urbanization. The increasing population and urbanization may lead to new conflicts. In future development, it is essential to formulate appropriate utilization and protection policies based on land use change trends.

In order to explore the effects of potassium application on the life parameters of Acyrthosiphon pisum on alfalfa， Medicago sativa ‘Gannong No.3’ was used as an experimental material. Four potassium applications were set， wthich were K ₀（0 mg·kg ^-1），K ₁（30 mg·kg ^-1），K ₂（60 mg·kg ^-1），K ₃（90 mg·kg ^-1） and no fertilization was set as a control （CK）. At the 6-leaf stage of alfalfa， A. pisum was fed with the 3rd leaf from the top of alfalfa. The growth， development and reproduction of A. pisum were recorded and calculated under different potassium applications. Simultaneously， the nutrients and total polyphenols in the 3rd leaf from the top of alfalfa plants were measured. The result showed that the development period of nymphs was prolonged markedly under the medium potassium treatment （K ₂）and CK treatment compared to the other treatments （ P<0.05）. The net reproduction rate， intrinsic rate of increase， and finite rate of increase of adult A. pisum were lower significantly under K ₂ treatment than those of the other treatments （ P<0.05）. The soluble sugar content， total phenol content and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in alfalfa leaves under K ₂ treatment were significantly higher than those of the other fertilized applications （ P<0.05）. The soluble protein content in alfalfa leaves under K ₃ treatment increased significantly （ P<0.05）. The correlation analysis indicated that the survival rate， the average daily aphid production per female and the intrinsic growth rate of A. pisum were negatively correlated with the soluble sugar content and the total phenol content of alfalfa leaves significantly. The average daily aphid production per female and the intrinsic growth rate of A. pisum were positively correlated with the soluble protein content. A positive correlation existed between the finite rate of increase and the soluble protein content significantly.The potassium fertilizer increased the ratio of carbon to nitrogen and the content of secondary metabolite in alfalfa leaf， thereby inhibiting the growth， development and fecundity of A. pisum.

The leaf spot of silage maize caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the important diseases threatening the health of silage maize （ Zea mays L.） in Qinghai province. To deeply analyze the genomic characteristics of the Alternaria alternata strain DT18131-B and the distribution of its toxin genes， this study conducted whole-genome sequencing of DT18131-B using the Illumina PE150 sequencing platform and analyzed it with bioinformatics techniques. The results showed that the genome size of the strain was 34.07 Mb， encoding 9578 genes， of which 9519 genes were annotated in the Non-redundant protein database （NR）. Additionally， 818 secreted proteins and 28 secondary metabolite gene clusters were identified. This study focused on the distribution of 7 polyketide synthase （PKS） toxin genes among 90 strains of Alternaria alternata from Qinghai Province. Through cluster analysis of 90 strains， it found that there were genetic relationships and gene diversity among strains in different regions. This study provides important information for understanding the pathogenic mechanism of Alternaria alternata and developing the prevention and control strategy of silage maize leaf spot.

Using Taraxacum mongolicum， Bidens pilosa， and Ageratina adenophora as materials and （NH ₄） ₂SO ₄ and KNO ₃ as nitrogen sources， four nitrogen treatments were set up for nitrogen deposition simulation experiments： control （0 g·m ^-2·a ^-1）， low nitrogen （2 g·m ^-2·a ^-1）， medium nitrogen （6 g·m ^-2·a ^-1）， and high nitrogen （12 g·m ^-2·a ^-1）. The seed germination， seedling growth， and physiological indexes of the three species of Asteraceae weeds were measured to explore the response patterns to nitrogen deposition. The results showed that： The germination indexes of T. mongolicum and B. pilosa increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen concentration， while the germination energy and Timson’s Index of A. adenophora gradually declined. The nitrogen concentration of 2 and 6 g·m ^-2·a ^-1 promoted the indexes of T. mongolicum， B. pilosa and A. adenophora， such as plant height， root length， and dry weight. However， these indicators were inhibited under the concentration of 12 g·m ^-2·a ^-1. The intercellular CO ₂ concentration （C _i） of T. mongolicum， B. pilosa and A. adenophora showed a decreasing and then increasing trend with the increase of nitrogen concentration， while chlorophyll content exhibited an opposite trend. The net photosynthetic rate （P _n） of T. mongolicum and B. pilosa showed a “ promotion at low levels and suppression at high lebels” with increased nitrogen concentration， while the P _n of A. adenophora was continuously suppressed at all nitrogen levels. These indicated that medium and low levels of nitrogen deposition could enhance the emergence and growth of Asteraceae weeds and help them expand their populations， while high levels of nitrogen deposition might limit their propagation and dispersal.

Gene editing technology can rapidly realize precise modification of genes to obtain stable inheritance of excellent traits. With the advancement of science and technology， the research and application of gene editing has expanded to a wider field. This paper provided a brief introduction to the principles of different gene editing technologies， focused on the development and application of CRISPR/Cas technology as well as the research progress of this technology in the field of turfgrass， and gave a systematic description of the status of the regulatory system of gene edited plants. Finally， the application and development of gene editing technology in turfgrass was discussed.

With the increasing demand for healthy pet diets， pet forage as an important material for the healthy growth of herbivorous pets has attracted much attention. The vigorous development of the pet economy has promoted the rapid growth of the pet forage industry， but it still faces challenges such as insufficient varieties， singular production methods， unstable quality， small enterprise scale， and a non-standard market. Collectively， these factors limit the supply of pet forage and impact the industry’s intrinsic growth potential. Therefore， within the grassland agriculture system based on an all-encompassing approach to food， we should cultivate a new type of agricultural management entity that follows the ‘planting forage-making forage products-raising pets’ model to meet market demand， enrich the economic content of the grass industry， and enhance the added economic value of the traditional forage industry. By combing domestic forage industry policies， pet feed policies， and pet forage production demands， this paper discussed the market value， development characteristics， and trends of pet forage in China. It also proposed three types of contradictions and countermeasures that hinder the development of pet forage grass， providing practical guidance and a theoretical basis for the sustainable and healthy development of the pet forage industry. The growth of the pet forage industry plays a pivotal role in fostering rural revitalization， bolstering the development of rural collective economies， and enhancing the economic prosperity of farmers.