Abstract:

In order to investigate the effect of drop irrigation and fertilization on soil fertility and phosphorus utilization efficiency of alfalfa field in Xinjiang oasis region, various phosphorus fertilization measures for alfalfa in oasis region were adopted, which were one application about 180 (L₁) and 360 (H₁) kg·hm^-2 phosphorus, separated application 180 (L₂) and 360 (H₂) kg·hm^-2 phosphorus,and no appication as control. Soil fertility and phosphorus utilization efficiency of different treatments were determinated. The results showed that, compared with CK, L₂ enhanced organic content significantly (P<0.05), and H₁ & H₂ enhanced total phosphorus content significantly (P<0.05) in plowing layer. All treatments enhanced effective phosphorus content significantly (P<0.05), however they had no significant effect on alkali-hydro nitrogen content and pH values in plowing layer. The highest phosphorus use efficiency treatment were L₁ and L₂ in Medicago sativa ‘Xingmu No.2’ (F=17.02), and L₂ in Medicago sativa ‘Sanditi’ (F=14.33). Thus, suggested measures for phosphorus application of alfalfa field in Xinjiang oasis region was about 180 kg·hm^-2 with separated doses.

Key words: Oasis region, Alfalfa, Phosphate fertilizer, Soil fertility, Efficiency

摘要：

为探讨绿洲区滴灌施磷对苜蓿磷素利用效率的影响及其土壤肥力变化规律，在石河子绿洲区滴灌苜蓿田设不同的施磷处理，即1次性施180 kg·hm^-2磷肥（L₁）、1次性施360 kg·hm^-2磷肥（H₁）、均分3次施180 kg·hm^-2磷肥（L₂）、均分3次施360 kg·hm^-2磷肥（H₂）及不施肥（CK），对各处理下苜蓿田土壤肥力和磷素利用效率进行测定和分析。结果表明，较CK相比，L₂处理可显著提高耕作层平均有机质含量（P<0.05），H₁和H₂处理可显著提高耕作层平均全磷含量（P<0.05）。各处理均可显著提高耕作层平均速效磷含量（P<0.05）。各处理对平均碱解氮含量及pH值无显著影响。‘新牧2号’苜蓿（Medicago sativa ‘Xingmu No.2’）磷素利用效率最高的为L₁和L₂处理（F=17.02），‘三得利’（Medicago sativa ‘Sanditi’）为L₂处理（F=14.33）。因此，建议绿洲区苜蓿栽培滴灌施磷的最佳模式为均分3次施用180 kg·hm^-2磷肥。

关键词: 绿洲区, 紫花苜蓿, 磷肥, 土壤肥力, 利用效率