Abstract: Accurate estimation of aboveground biomass in natural grasslands is crucial for assessing net productivity and managing grassland ecosystems. This study selected four sample plots（R₁，R₂，R₃，R₄）of natural grasslands at different distances from rivers in northern Xinjiang，two sample plots（F₁，F₂）inside and outside fences in southern Xinjiang，and three sample plots（H₁，H₂，H₃）at different altitudes as investigation sites. A simple measurement board was used to measure the community height under its pressure，and a regression model between community height and aboveground biomass was established to estimate the aboveground biomass. The optimal estimation model was determined based on estimation accuracy，and the significance of differences between measured and estimated biomass was tested to verify the model's accuracy. The results showed that the optimal estimation model for natural grasslands at different distances from rivers in northern Xinjiang was the model of plot R₁：y=2. 1418x-0. 1986，R² =0. 905，with an estimation accuracy of 97. 79%；the optimal estimation model for plots inside and outside fences in southern Xinjiang was the model of plot F₂：y=2. 7286x+0. 6189，R²=0. 741，with an accuracy of 86. 78%；and the optimal estimation model for plots at different altitudes was the model of plot H1：y=2. 1492x+1. 7342，R² =0. 741，with an accuracy of 92. 29%. Conclusion：The aboveground biomass of natural grasslands in Xinjiang can be conveniently estimated using a simple measurement board.

Key words: Xinjiang natural grassland, Aboveground biomass of grassland, Estimation technology research, Estimation accuracy

摘要： 准确估测天然草地地上生物量对草地净生产力与草地生态系统管理至关重要。本研究选取了新疆北疆离河不同距离的天然草地 4 个样地（R₁，R₂，R₃，R₄），南疆围栏内外 2 个样地（F₁，F₂）、不同海拔高度 3 个样地（H₁，H₂，H₃）为调查样地。利用一种简易的测量板，量取测量板压力下的群落高度，建立群落高度与地上生物量之间的回归模型估测地上生物量，通过估测精度确定最优估测模型，并对实测生物量与估测生物量进行差异显著性检验验证模型的精确性。结果表明：北疆离河不同距离天然草地的最优估测模型为样地 R₁的估测模型 y=2.1418x-0.1986，R²=0. 905，估测精度达 97. 79%；南疆围栏内外的最优估测模型为样地 F₂的估测模型 y=2.7286x+0.6189，R²=0.741，精度为 86. 78%；不同海拔高度的最优估测模型为样地H₁的估测模型 y=2.1492x+1.7342，R²=0.741，精度达 92. 29%。结论：利用简易测量板可便捷地估测出新疆天然草地的地上生物量。

关键词: 新疆天然草地, 地上生物量, 估测技术, 估测精度