Abstract: This study focused on the temperate mountainous grassland in Luoshan Nature Reserve of Ningxia， aiming to investigate the characteristic changes of soil seed banks at different altitudes. By conducting indoor germination identification experiments of seedlings from the soil seed bank， we studied the seed banks of four altitudes： T₁ （2374 m）， T₂ （2132 m）， T₃ （1823 m）， and T₄ （1566 m）. The results indicated that the average density of soil seed banks at different altitudes ranged from 716.67 to 2333.33 seeds·m^-2， with perennial herbs predominating. As altitude increased， annual herbs decreased， and the number of seeds exhibited varying trends， mainly concentrating in the 0-5 cm soil layer. The diversity of soil seed banks showed significant differences （P<0.05）， and there was a moderate dissimilarity between soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation at different altitudes. The total seed densities of the soil seed banks at T₁， T₂， T₃， and T₄ were 2333.33， 866.67， 1658.33， and 716.67 seeds·m^-2， respectively. The total soil seed bank was significantly positively correlated with available phosphorus （P<0.05） and significantly negatively correlated with soil temperature （P<0.05）. Therefore， available phosphorus and temperature had the greatest impact on the species diversity of the total soil seed bank， providing an important basis for formulating ecological restoration strategies.

Key words: Temperate mountainous grassland, Altitude, Soil seed bank, Species diversity, Environmental factor

摘要： 本研究以宁夏罗山自然保护区温性山地草原为研究对象，旨在研究不同海拔高度下土壤种子库特征变化。通过开展种子库幼苗室内萌发鉴定试验，对T₁（2374 m），T₂（2132 m），T₃（1823 m），T₄（1566 m）四个海拔高度的土壤种子库进行研究。结果表明：不同海拔高度土壤种子库平均密度为716.67~2333.33粒·m^-2，以多年生草本植物为主。随海拔升高，一年生草本植物减少，种子数量呈现不同程度的变化趋势，主要集中在0~5 cm土层。土壤种子库的多样性存在显著差异（P<0.05），不同海拔高度土壤种子库和地上植被都表现为中等不相似。各海拔高度土壤总种子库密度分别为：2333.33，866.67，1658.33和716.67粒·m^-2，土壤总种子库与速效磷呈显著正相关（P<0.05），与土壤温度呈显著负相关（P<0.05），因此速效磷和温度对土壤总种子库物种多样性影响最大，为制定生态恢复策略提供重要依据。

关键词: 温性山地草原, 海拔高度, 土壤种子库, 物种多样性, 环境因子