草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (5): 939-945.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2017.05.005

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

放牧和封育对青藏高原南缘亚高山草甸群落结构及物种多样性的影响

初晓辉1, 谢勇1, 单贵莲1, 袁福锦2, 陈功1, 尹海燕1   

  1. 1. 云南农业大学草业科学系, 云南 昆明 650201;
    2. 云南省草地动物科学研究院, 云南 昆明 650212
  • 收稿日期:2016-05-25 修回日期:2017-03-31 出版日期:2017-10-15 发布日期:2018-01-25
  • 通讯作者: 单贵莲,E-mail:shanguilian8203@126.com
  • 作者简介:初晓辉(1979-),男,白族,云南大理人,硕士,高级实验师,主要从事草地生态系统恢复演替方面的研究,E-mail:cuxiaohui@ynau.edu.cn;谢勇(1993-),男,云南曲靖人,硕士,主要从事草地生态系统循环方面的研究,E-mail:1076166738@qq.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金（31501999）；云南省自然科学基金（2016FB047）；云南省教育厅科学研究基金重点项目（2015Z1050）；云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目（2015Y204）；农业行业科技专项（201203006）；云南农业大学青年基金项目（2016ZR06）；云南农业大学研究生科技创新项目（2015YKC3）资助

Effect of Management Patterns on Community Structure and Species Diversity of Subalpine Meadow of the Southern Margin of Tibetan Plateau

CHU Xiao-hui1, XIE Yong1, SHAN Gui-lian1, YUAN Fu-jin2, CHEN Gong1, YIN Hai-yan1   

  1. 1. Department of Grassland Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650201, China;
    2. Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650212, China
  • Received:2016-05-25 Revised:2017-03-31 Online:2017-10-15 Published:2018-01-25

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摘要：

为探讨青藏高原南缘亚高山草甸的适宜管理措施，本研究以自由放牧、4年全年封育、4年生长季封育+非生长季放牧和20年生长季封育+季末割草管理下的亚高山草甸典型样地为研究对象，开展放牧和封育管理措施下亚高山草甸群落结构及物种多样性的比较研究。结果表明：退化亚高山草甸经4年的生长季封育+非生长季放牧管理，草地有害植物的优势地位降低，优良牧草的优势地位增加，物种丰富度显著下降，草地生产力、密度、盖度、多样性和均匀度无显著变化；经4年的全年封育管理，草地生产力、密度、盖度及优良牧草的优势度显著增加，优良牧草草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis）成为群落的单优势物种，群落的生态优势度急剧增加，丰富度、多样性和均匀度显著降低；经20年的生长季封育+季末割草管理，草地生产力、密度、盖度及优良牧草的优势度显著增加，草地早熟禾和大花嵩草（Kobresia macrantha）成为群落的优势物种，群落的生态优势度指数和丰富度指数显著增加，多样性和均匀度显著降低。可见，与自由放牧相比，3种封育措施均可增加滇西北退化亚高山草甸优良牧草的优势度，促进退化亚高山草甸植被的恢复，但封育后因群落中单个或少数物种在群落中的优势地位大大增加，草地中伴生种消失，物种丰富度和多样性降低。

关键词: 亚高山草甸, 自由放牧, 封育, 群落结构, 物种多样性

Abstract:

In order to explore the suitable management patterns of subalpine meadow of the southern margin of Tibetan Plateau, the free grazing plot, 4 years of seasonal fencing plot, 4 years of totally fencing plot and 20 years of seasonal fencing and mowing plot of subalpine meadow were selected, and the community structure and species diversity were measured in this study. The results showed that the community productivity, density and coverage of subalpine meadow had no significant changes; the dominant position of harmful species decreased, and the dominant position of excellent forages increased in contrary; the species richness index decreased, and the diversity index and evenness index had no significant changes after 4 years of seasonal fencing. After 4 years of totally fencing, the community productivity, density, coverage, and the dominance of excellent forages increased significantly; the ecological dominance index increased, and the richness index, diversity index and evenness index decreased significantly because the community was just dominated by one species (Poa pratensis) after 4 years of totally fencing. After 20 years of fencing and mowing, the community productivity, density, coverage and the dominance of excellent forages increased significantly, the ecological dominance index and richness index increased sharply, and the diversity index and evenness index decreased in contrary because the community was just dominated by two species (Poa pratensis and Kobresia macrantha) after 20 years of fencing and mowing. Therefore, compared with free grazing, three fencing measurement increased the dominant position of excellent forages, and improved the plant restoration of subalpine meadow. But because the dominant position of one or few species increased significantly and the concomitant species disappeared, the species richness and diversity decreased subsequently.

Key words: Subalpine meadow, Free grazing, Fencing, Community structure, Species diversity

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