关于生态功能与管理的生物土壤结皮研究

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2018.01.002

草地学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (1): 22-29.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2018.01.002

关于生态功能与管理的生物土壤结皮研究

戴黎聪^1,2, 柯浔^1,2, 曹莹芳^1,2, 张法伟¹, 曹广民¹, 李以康¹

1. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 青海西宁 810008;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2017-03-27 修回日期:2018-01-11 出版日期:2018-02-15 发布日期:2018-05-25
通讯作者: 李以康
作者简介:戴黎聪(1993-),男,汉族,江西上饶人,研究生,主要从事生物结皮与演替研究,E-mail:18270821151@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（31270576）；国家自然科学基金重点项目（41730752）；青海省科技厅基础研究项目（2016-ZJ-710）资助

The Study on Ecological Functions and Management of Biological Soil Crusts

DAI Li-cong^1,2, KE Xun^1,2, CAO Ying-fang^1,2, ZHANG Fa-wei¹, CAO Guang-ming¹, LI Yi-kang¹

1. Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Guangxi Province 810001, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2017-03-27 Revised:2018-01-11 Online:2018-02-15 Published:2018-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物土壤结皮（biological soil crusts，BSCs）是由土壤中的低等植物、微生物和和土壤颗粒粘合形成的一种特殊复合体，广泛分布于世界干旱和半干旱地区。研究表明，BSCs主要由藻类、地衣、苔藓等自养生物和细菌、微小真菌等异养生物构成并被誉为生态系统修复工程师，对于沙地和荒漠碳、氮、磷等养分的固定以及土壤酶活性具有重要的意义，同时调节土壤表层的水文过程（降水入渗、地表径流、蒸发等过程），进而影响地上植被种子萌发、幼苗存活及生长过程。BSCs的分类，一般依据BSCs中的优势物种和演替方向，可将结皮依次分为藻类结皮、地衣结皮及苔藓结皮3类；其形成、发育和结构、功能受人类活动和气候干扰的影响，但关于BSCs的监测和管理研究甚少。本文结合比值植被指数（Simple Ratio Index）和归一化色素指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index）方法，旨在对BSCs的形态类群进行科学监测，同时结合BSCs的恢复演替程度，重点阐述不同利用方式和强度下，生物结皮演替及其生态功能对干旱、半干旱生态系统的影响，以期探索可行的管理措施，为认识干旱半干旱区地表过程，促进退化生态系统修复进程奠定基础。

关键词: 生物土壤结皮, 生态系统修复工程师, 水文过程, 监测和管理

Abstract:

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are special complexes composed of lower plant, microorganism (bacteria, fungi) and surface soil fine particles bonded by their exuding mucilaginous material, which are widespread in the semi-arid regions all over the world. In many literatures, BSCs are known as ecosystem restoration engineer, it not only makes great contribution to nutrient fixation (Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) and soil enzyme activity, but also plays vital roles in seed germination and seedling survival by regulating hydrological process of soil surface (precipitation infiltration, surface runoff, evaporation and other processes), which include autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms. The autotrophic organisms mainly consist of algae, lichen and moss, and heterotrophic organisms are composed of bacteria, microscopic fungi, etc. The classification of BSCs can be divided into three categories: algae, lichen and moss crust based on the dominant species and succession direction of BSCs. The formation, development and structure of BSCs are affected by human activities and climate disturbances, but little attention have devoted to the monitoring and management of BSCs. In this study, the simple ratio index (SRI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were summarized to monitor the morphology of BSCs. Furthermore, the effect of BSCs succession and its ecological function on arid and semi-arid ecosystems under different utilization ways and intensity were also discussed, which laid a foundation for a further understanding of the surface process of arid and semi-arid areas and promoting the restoration of degraded ecosystem.

Key words: Biological soil crusts, Ecosystem restoration engineer, Hydrological processes, Monitoring and management

中图分类号:

S812.2

戴黎聪, 柯浔, 曹莹芳, 张法伟, 曹广民, 李以康. 关于生态功能与管理的生物土壤结皮研究[J]. 草地学报, 2018, 26(1): 22-29.

DAI Li-cong, KE Xun, CAO Ying-fang, ZHANG Fa-wei, CAO Guang-ming, LI Yi-kang. The Study on Ecological Functions and Management of Biological Soil Crusts[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2018, 26(1): 22-29.

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关于生态功能与管理的生物土壤结皮研究

The Study on Ecological Functions and Management of Biological Soil Crusts

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