草地学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 1829-1835.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2022.07.025

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

黄河源园区典型高寒草原牧草营养特征及家畜承载力研究

耿远月1,2, 徐田伟1, 王循刚1, 张骞1,2, 张晓玲1,2, 康生萍3, 胡林勇1, 刘宏金1, 赵娜1, 罗崇亮1, 李英年1, 徐世晓1   

  1. 1. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所/三江源国家公园研究院, 青海 西宁 810008;
    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
    3. 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-23 修回日期:2022-02-21 发布日期:2022-08-02
  • 通讯作者: 耿远月,E-mail:sxxu@nwipb.cas.cn
  • 作者简介:耿远月(1996-),女,汉族,河南民权人,硕士研究生,主要从事放牧家畜生态学研究,E-mail:gengyuanyue@nwipb.cas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    三江源国家公园联合研究专项(LHZX-2020-7);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA2005010406、XDA23060603);青海省科技支撑项目(2020-NK-166)资助

Study on Nutrient Characteristics of Herbage and Carrying Capacity of Livestock on Typical Alpine Steppe in Yellow River Source Park

GENG Yuan-yue1,2, XU Tian-wei1, WANG Xun-gang1, ZHANG Qian1,2, ZHANG Xiao-ling1,2, KANG Sheng-ping3, HU Lin-yong1, LIU Hong-jin1, ZHAO Na1, LUO Chong-liang1, LI Ying-nian1, XU Shi-xiao1   

  1. 1. Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Institute of Sanjiangyuan National Park, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3. State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China
  • Received:2021-11-23 Revised:2022-02-21 Published:2022-08-02

摘要: 三江源国家公园地处青藏高原腹地,是国家重要的生态资源资产区,生态战略地位十分突出。本研究选择黄河源园区3种典型高寒草原,测定不同季节牧草的养分供给状态并计算家畜承载力,为实现黄河源园区草畜平衡提供数据支撑。结果表明:不同季节的植被数量特征、牧草营养特征和承载力表现为:紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)草原和垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)草原显著高于冷地早熟禾(Poa crymophila)草原;从生态保护的角度出发,紫花针茅、垂穗披碱草和冷地早熟禾草原盛草期的家畜承载力分别为1.72 SHU·hm-2,1.41 SHU·hm-2和1.18 SHU·hm-2;枯草期的家畜承载力分别为0.35 SHU·hm-2,0.34 SHU·hm-2和0.10 SHU·hm-2。综上所述,紫花针茅草原可以为黄河源园区提供更多的牧草养分。结合放牧家畜对牧草的营养需求,建议根据牧草产量和营养的季节动态,优化草畜资源空间配置。

关键词: 黄河源园区, 高寒草原, 牧草营养特征, 草地承载力

Abstract: Sanjiangyuan National Park is an important national ecological resource asset area with prominent ecological strategic position,which is located in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this study,three typical alpine grasslands in the Yellow River Source Park were selected to determine the nutrient supply status of forage in different seasons and calculate the livestock carrying capacity to provide the supporting data for realizing the balance of grass and livestock in the Yellow River Source Park. The results showed that the quantitative characteristics of vegetation,herbage nutritional characteristics and carrying capacity in different seasons were as follows:Stipa purpurea grassland and Elymus nutans grassland were significantly higher than Poa crymophila grassland;From the perspective of ecological protection,the livestock carrying capacity of Stipa purpurea,Elymus nutans and Poa crymophila grassland were 1.72 SHU·hm-2,1.41 SHU·hm-2 and 1.18 SHU·hm-2,respectively,during the flourishing period;0.35 SHU·hm-2,0.34 SHU·hm-2and 0.10 SHU·hm-2,respectively,during the withering period. To sum up,Stipa purpurea grassland could provide more forage nutrition for the Yellow River Source Park. Combined with the nutritional needs of grazing livestock for forage,it recommended that the spatial allocation of forage and livestock resources should be optimized according to the seasonal dynamics of pasture production and nutrition.

Key words: The Yellow River Source Park, Alpine steppe, Nutritional characteristics of herbage, Carrying capacity of pasture

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