草地学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 1819-1828.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2022.07.024

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

不同放牧方式下防除黄帚橐吾对高寒草地植物群落的影响

周睿1,2, 宋梅玲1,2, 王玉琴1,2, 王宏生1,2, 马戈亮3, 孔海苏1,2   

  1. 1. 省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院(青海省畜牧兽医科学院), 青海 西宁 810016;
    2. 青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室, 青海省畜牧兽医科学院, 青海 西宁 810016;
    3. 青海省河南蒙古族自治县草原专业综合队, 青海 黄南 811500
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-01 修回日期:2022-03-21 发布日期:2022-08-02
  • 通讯作者: 王宏生,E-mail:wanghs1967@aliyun.com
  • 作者简介:周睿(1991-),男,甘肃山丹人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事草地保护方向研究,E-mail:13893632442@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省科学技术厅重点研发与转化计划项目(2019-SF-151)资助

Effects of Ligularia virgaurea Control on Plant Community of Grassland under Different Grazing Modes

ZHOU Rui1,2, SONG Mei-ling1,2, WANG Yu-qin1,2, WANG Hong-sheng1,2, MA Ge-Liang3, KONG Hai-su1,2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine), Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    3. Grassland Professional Team of Henan Mongolian Autonomous County, Huangnan, Qinghai Province 811500, China
  • Received:2021-12-01 Revised:2022-03-21 Published:2022-08-02

摘要: 合理的放牧方式是青藏高原高寒草地可持续利用的前提。本研究通过监测牧、自由放牧+药物防除(牧+防,G+C)、牧草生长季禁牧(禁,E)和牧草生长季禁牧+药物防除(禁+防,E+C)4种草地管理措施对黄帚橐吾(Ligularia virgaurea)型退化草地的群落特征和产草量的影响发现:牧+防和禁+防显著降低黄帚橐吾地上生物量和密度(P<0.05);植物群落地上生物量和高度在禁和禁+防处理下显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),且在牧+防和禁+防处理下,植物群落的优势种由黄帚橐吾+垂穗披碱草变为高原早熟禾,而牧和禁处理下,植物优势种在3年内均为黄帚橐吾;只有放牧处理下物种多样性在年份间变化显著(P <0.05);牧+防和禁+防处理下,禾本科地上生物量占比显著增加(P <0.05),而黄帚橐吾地上生物量占比显著减少(P <0.05)。综上所述,牧+防和禁+防均可显著抑制黄帚橐吾生长,而禁+防显著提高禾本科牧草的产量。因此,禁+防是橐吾型退化草地恢复改善的适宜管理措施。

关键词: 黄帚橐吾, 季节性禁牧, 植物群落特征, 药剂防除, 产草量

Abstract: Reasonable grazing is required for sustainable utilization of alpine grassland. In this study,four grassland management methods were adopted(grazing (G),grazing+control of Ligularia virgaurea (G+C),enclosed grazing in pasture growing season (E),and enclosed grazing in pasture growing season+control of Ligularia virgaurea (E+C) in the growing season). The community characteristics and grass yield of Ligularia virgaurea degraded grassland were monitored. The results showed that:1) the aboveground biomass and density of Ligularia virgaurea were significantly reduced by G+C and E+C (P<0.05);The total aboveground biomass and height of plant community under E and E+C treatments were significantly higher than those of other treatments (P<0.05),and under G+C and E+C treatments,the plant community successively from Ligularia virgaurea+Elymus nutans to Poa alpigena,while under G and E treatments,the dominant species were Ligularia virgaurea within 3 years;Species diversity varied significantly in 3 years only under G treatment (P<0.05);The proportion of aboveground biomass of Gramineae increased significantly under the treatment of G+C and E+C(P<0.05),while Ligularia virgaurea decreased significantly (P<0.05). To sum up,the two treatments of G+C and E+C can significantly inhibit the growth of Ligularia virgaurea,and E+C can significantly increase the yield of Gramineae. Therefore,E+C is an appropriate management measure for restoration and quality improvement of Ligularia virgaurea degraded grassland.

Key words: Ligularia virgaurea, Seasonal enclosed, Plant community characteristics, Chemical control, Forage yield

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