草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 936-947.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.03.028

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

青海湖流域生态系统碳汇时空格局动态研究

王江1,2, 曹生奎1,2,3, 刘振梅1,2, 雷义珍1,2, 侯瑶芳1,2   

  1. 1. 青海师范大学地理科学学院青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810008;
    2. 青海师范大学青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810008;
    3. 青海省人民政府-北京师范大学高原科学与可持续发展研究院, 青海 西宁 810008
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-24 修回日期:2024-07-16 发布日期:2025-04-07
  • 通讯作者: 曹生奎,E-mail:caoshengkui@163.com
  • 作者简介:王江（1999-）,男,汉族,山西吕梁人,硕士研究生,主要从事生态水文研究,E-mail：347085249@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（42061008）;青海省“昆仑英才”行动计划项目（青人才字[2024]1号）资助

Dynamic Research on the Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Carbon Sinks in the Ecosystems of the Qinghai Lake Basin

WANG Jiang1,2, CAO Sheng-kui1,2,3, LIU Zhen-mei1,2, LEI Yi-zhen1,2, HOU Yao-fang1,2   

  1. 1. Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, School of Geographical Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation (Ministry of Education), Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
    3. Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, People's Government of Qinghai Province and Beijing Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China
  • Received:2024-04-24 Revised:2024-07-16 Published:2025-04-07

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摘要： 青海湖流域作为青藏高原典型高寒山地内流河流域,研究其生态系统碳汇时空格局动态对青海湖流域乃至整个青藏高原高质量发展具有重要意义。本研究基于遥感数据和土壤异养呼吸模型估算了2000—2022年青海湖流域净生态系统生产力,借助ArcGIS空间分析及数理统计方法分析了流域净生态系统生产力（Net ecosystem productivity, NEP）的时空格局动态。结果表明近23年青海湖流域年均NEP值总体呈波动增加趋势,变化范围为170.85~240.01 g·m-2·a-1,多年平均NEP值为204.5 g·m-2·a-1。青海湖流域多年平均NEP值呈由东南向西北递减的趋势。研究期内青海湖流域年NEP值的增加主要集中在FVC<10%和≥50%的区域；流域内主要生态系统均表现为碳汇。流域年均NEP值与年均植被覆盖度和与年均气温呈显著正相关,与年降水量无显著相关性。青海湖流域生态系统碳汇功能随海拔升高而减弱。总体上,近23年来气候暖湿化和生态保护与修复措施均有利于青海湖流域生态系统碳汇累积。

关键词: 碳汇, 净生态系统生产力, 时空格局, 青海湖流域

Abstract: Net ecosystem productivity （NEP） plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem carbon balance and can be used as an indicator to quantify carbon sources and sinks in terrestrial ecosystems. As a typical alpine mountain endorheic river basin on the Tibetan Plateau, studying the spatial and temporal dynamics of ecosystem carbon sinks in the Qinghai Lake Basin holds great significance for the sustainable development of both the Qinghai Lake Basin and the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we estimated the NEP of the Qinghai Lake Basin from 2000 to 2022 based on remote sensing data and soil heterotrophic respiration model, and analyzed the dynamics of spatial and temporal patterns of NEP in the basin with the help of spatial analysis by ArcGIS and mathematical and statistical methods. The results showed that the annual average NEP in the Qinghai Lake Basin showed a fluctuating increase trend in the past 23 years, with a range of 170.85~240.01 g·m-2·a-1, and the multi-year average NEP was 204.5 g·m-2·a-1. The multi-year average NEP in the Qinghai Lake Basin showed a decreasing trend from south-east to north-west. The increase in annual NEP values in the Qinghai Lake Basin during the study period was mainly concentrated in the areas with Fractional Vegetation Cover <10% and ≥50%； the major ecosystems in the basin all showed carbon sinks. The mean annual NEP values were positively correlated with the mean annual fractional vegetation cover and the mean annual air temperature, but not with the annual precipitation. The carbon sink function of the ecosystems in the Qinghai Lake Basin decreases with increasing altitude. Over the past 23 years, the warming and humidification of the climate, along with ecological protection and restoration measures, have contributed to the accumulation of carbon sinks in the ecosystems of the Qinghai Lake Basin.

Key words: Carbon sink, Net ecosystem productivity, Spatial and temporal patterns, Qinghai Lake Basin

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