草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 591-601.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2018.03.010

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

青海省多年生栽培牧草气候适宜性研究

周秉荣1,2,3, 韩炳宏2, 李世雄4, 李甫2,3, 权晨2,3, 李璠2,3, 颜亮东2,3, 马扶林5   

  1. 1. 兰州大学 资源与环境学院, 甘肃 兰州 730000;
    2. 青海省防灾减灾重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810001;
    3. 青海省气象科学研究所, 青海 西宁 810016;
    4. 青海大学 畜牧兽医科学院, 青海 西宁 810003;
    5. 青海省海北牧业气象试验站, 青海 海北 810299
  • 收稿日期:2017-11-09 修回日期:2018-06-06 出版日期:2018-06-15 发布日期:2018-08-24
  • 通讯作者: 韩炳宏
  • 作者简介:周秉荣(1974-),男,青海湟中人,高级工程师,主要从事高寒生态气象与农业气候资源区划研究,E-mail:zbr0515@foxmail.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0501903）资助

Study on Climate Suitability for Perennial Forage Cultivation of Qinghai Province

ZHOU Bing-rong1,2,3, HAN Bing-hong2, LI Shi-xiong4, LI Fu2,3, QUAN Chen2,3, LI Fan2,3, YAN Liang-dong2,3, MA Fu-lin5   

  1. 1. College of Earth Environmental Sciences of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai Province 810001, China;
    3. Institute of Meteorological Science of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai Province 810001, China;
    4. Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, Qinghai Province 810003, China;
    5. Haibei Pastoral Meteorology Experimental Station of Qinghai Province, Haibei, Qinghai Province 810299, China
  • Received:2017-11-09 Revised:2018-06-06 Online:2018-06-15 Published:2018-08-24

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摘要：

为进一步确定青海境内多年生栽培牧草适宜生长的气候条件阈值及其分布范围。本文通过牧草生境法，初步确定了草地型气候条件；同时结合专家打分法，进而得出单一牧草适宜生长的气候条件阈值，并对其生长的气候适宜性进行了研究。结果表明，利用牧草生境法获得的草地类型与实际草地类型分布范围较为一致。禾本科牧草适宜生长的气候条件为积温 > 1 200℃，降水 > 370 mm，湿润度100~500（为了数据处理方便，将湿润度扩大100倍）；次适宜气候条件为年积温1 200~2 200℃，湿润度为200~300，降水480~780 mm，7月平均气温-0.9~18℃；而不适宜气候条件为年积温>2 200℃，降水0~200 mm，湿润度<100或年积温<1 000℃，降水>630 mm，湿润度>500。除柴达木盆地外，禾本科牧草在全省境内均能良好生长，而豆科牧草仅分布在东部农业区。因此，牧草能否在某一地区适宜生长，并不是由单个气候条件决定，而是多种气候条件的综合结果。

关键词: 多年生牧草, 气候适宜性, 气候条件, 青海省, 牧草适宜性

Abstract:

In order to further determine the suitable climate conditions for perennial cultivated grasses in Qinghai province, the climate condition thresholds and their distribution range were determined.In this paper, the climatic conditions of grassland were preliminarily determined by the herbage habitat method. At the same time, combined with the expert scoring method, the climate condition threshold of suitable growth of single-grass pasture was obtained, and the climate suitability of pasture growth were studied. The results showed that the distributation range of and actual grassland types obtained by using pasture habitat method was consistent. The most suitable growth conditions for grasses are accumulative temperature>1 200℃, precipitation >370 mm, and moisture degree 100~500(In order to the conveniency of data processing,the moisture degree amplified by 100 times); sub-optimal climatic conditions with an annual accumulated temperature of 1 200~2 200℃, a moisture degree 200~300, and precipitation 480~780 mm, July average temperature -0.9~18℃; inunsuitable climatic conditions with annualt accumulated temperature >2 200℃, preceiptation 0~200 mm, and moisture degree <100 or annual accumulated temperature <1 000℃, precipitation >630 mm, and moisture degree >500. With the exception of the Qaidam Basin, the gramineous grasses grow well throughout the Qinghai province, while the legumes are distributed only in eastern agricultural regions. Therefore, whether or not herbagecan grow in a certain area is not determined by single climatic condition, but is a combination of various climatic conditions.

Key words: Perennial forage, Climate suitability, Climatic conditions, Qinghai province

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