草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 2900-2911.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.09.015

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

倒淌河湿地不同植被群落土壤盐分分布特征研究

吴桂玲1, 吴晓晖2, 欧为友3, 周华坤4, 马文文3   

  1. 1. 青海大学三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810001;
    2. 青海大学农牧学院, 青海 西宁 810001;
    3. 青海省草原总站, 青海 西宁 810016;
    4. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 青海 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-18 修回日期:2024-11-11 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-22
  • 通讯作者: 吴桂玲，E-mail：335675109@qq.com
  • 作者简介:吴桂玲（1983-），女，汉族，青海海东人，博士，研究员，主要从事高寒盐碱化湿地生态恢复治理的研究，E-mail：335675109@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    高寒沼泽湿地生态恢复技术示范推广项目（项目编号Q-2022-TG18）资助

Study on the Distribution Characteristics of Soil Salinity of Different Vegetation Communities in Daotang River Wetland

WU Gui-ling1, WU Xiao-hui2, OU Wei-you3, ZHOU Hua-kun4, MA Wen-wen3   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Sanjiangyuan Ecology and Plateau Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810001, China;
    2. College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810001, China;
    3. Qinghai Grassland General Station, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    4. Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China
  • Received:2024-09-18 Revised:2024-11-11 Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-09-22

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摘要： 为揭示不同植被群落土壤盐分分布特征及盐离子变化规律，在倒淌河湿地选取3个典型植被群落[华扁穗草（Blysmus sinocompressus）群落、马蔺（Iris lactea var. chinensis）群落、杂草群落]共72个样方，开展植被群落特征调查，并采集0~30 cm土层（0~10 cm，10~20 cm，20~30 cm）的216份土壤样品，分析土壤全盐量（Total salt content，S）、钠吸附比（Sodium adsorption ratio，SAR）、碱化度（Exchangeable sodium percentage，ESP）及8种盐离子分布特征，同时比较不同群落土壤盐化程度与养分分布。结果表明：杂草群落土壤中S，SAR，ESP显著高于马蔺群落和华扁穗草群落（P<0.05）；在检测的8种盐离子中，Na+和Cl-的含量显著高于其他离子，在土壤盐离子组成中占主导地位，其中NaCl是土壤碱化的关键驱动因子；各群落0~10 cm土层速效钾与有效磷含量显著高于深层土壤（P<0.05）；马蔺群落与杂草群落的土壤盐渍化程度已达重度水平，需要重点治理。本研究旨在解析盐离子组成、盐渍化驱动因子及养分垂直分异规律，为高寒湿地盐渍化治理与生态修复提供科学依据。

关键词: 盐化湿地, 不同植被群落, 盐离子分布, 盐碱化特征

Abstract: To reveal the soil salinity distribution characteristics and salt ion variation patterns across different vegetation communities， 72 sample plots were selected from three typical communities in the Daotang River Wetland. A total of 216 soil samples from 0-30 cm depth （0-10 cm， 10-20 cm， and 20-30 cm） were collected to analyze total salt content （S）， sodium adsorption ratio （SAR）， exchangeable sodium percentage （ESP）， and the distribution of eight salt ions， while comparing soil salinization degrees and nutrient profiles. The results showed that the soil S， SAR， and ESP in the soil of weed community were significantly higher than those in the Iris and Blysmus communities （P<0.05）. Among the eight salt ions detected， the content of Na+ and Cl- was significantly higher than those of other ions and dominated the composition of soil salt ions. Among them， NaCl was a key driving factor for soil alkalization. The content of available potassium and phosphorus in the 0-10 cm layer was significantly higher than those in deeper soils across all communities （P<0.05）. Both Iris and weed communities exhibited severe salinization （classified as chloride-saline soils） requiring prioritized rehabilitation. This study aims to analyze the composition of salt ions， the driving factors of salinization and the and vertical nutrient differentiation， providing a scientific basis for salinization control and ecological restoration in alpine wetlands.

Key words: Salinized wetlands, Different vegetation communities, Salt ion distribution, Salinization characteristics

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