草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 1330-1336.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2018.06.007

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

播量和行距对苜蓿根际土壤生物性质的影响

南丽丽1,2,3,4, 汪堃1,2,3,4, 李小彦1,2,3,4, 赵克明1,2,3,4   

  1. 1. 甘肃农业大学草业学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070;
    2. 草业生态系统教育部重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730070;
    3. 甘肃省草业工程实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730070;
    4. 中美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心, 甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2018-07-23 修回日期:2018-12-03 出版日期:2018-12-15 发布日期:2019-01-28
  • 作者简介:南丽丽(1979-),女,甘肃天水人,博士,教授,主要从事草种质资源、栽培与育种研究,E-mail:nanll@gsau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金（31460630）；省部共建草业生态系统教育部重点实验室暨草学甘肃省优势特色学科建设（GAU-XKJS-2018-013）项目资助

Effects of Seeding Rate and Row Spacing on Soil Biological Properties in the Rhizosphere of Alfalfa

NAN Li-li1,2,3,4, WANG Kun1,2,3,4, LI Xiao-yan1,2,3,4, ZHAO Ke-ming1,2,3,4   

  1. 1. College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China;
    3. Pratacultural Engineering, Gansu Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China;
    4. Sino-U. S. Centers for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
  • Received:2018-07-23 Revised:2018-12-03 Online:2018-12-15 Published:2019-01-28

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摘要： 在荒漠灌区采用裂区设计，研究播量和行距对苜蓿根际土壤微生物（细菌、真菌、放线菌）、呼吸速率、酶活性（脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、脱氢酶）的影响以及它们之间的相关关系，为苜蓿生产实践中选择合理的栽培方式奠定科学基础。试验表明：除真菌外，其余指标均随播量增加呈先增大后减小趋势，随行距增加呈增大趋势；真菌随播量增加呈降低趋势，随行距增加呈先增加后降低趋势；各指标均随土层深度的增加而显著减小，且各指标随季节性变化比较明显。土壤呼吸、细菌和放线菌在播量20.0 kg·hm-2和行距20 cm下值最大，而真菌在播量16.0 kg·hm-2和行距15 cm下数量最大，3种酶均在播量16.0 kg·hm-2和行距20 cm下活性最强。土壤微生物数量与土壤酶有一定的相关性。综上，在荒漠灌区中等播量（16.0，20.0 kg·hm-2）和行距20 cm的组合有利于提高苜蓿根际土壤生物性质。

关键词: 苜蓿, 根际, 土壤微生物, 土壤酶

Abstract: Rhizosphere is the core area of plant-soil-microorganism interaction,which is sensitive to soil environment. A field experiment was conducted with 12 treatments including four seeding rates (12.0,16.0,20.0 and 24.0 kg seed·hm-2) and three row spacing (10,15,20 cm) in arid desert oasis. The effects of seeding rate and row spacing on soil microbes (bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes),respiration,and enzyme (urease,alkaline phosphatase,and dehydrogenase) activities in rhizosphere,and the correlation between them were studied,so as to provide the reasonable farming methods for production practice of alfalfa. Results indicated that the indexes except fungi increased first and then decreased with the increase of seeding rate,and increased with increasing of row spacing. The quantity of fungi decreased with the increase of seeding rate,and increased first and then decreased with increasing of row spacing. The indexes significantly decreased with the increase of soil depth,and the seasonal changes of the indexes are obvious. Soil respiration,bacteria and actinomycetes were the most at the seeding rate of 20.0 kg·hm-2 and the row spacing of 20 cm. The quantities of soil fungi were the greatest at the seeding rate of 16.0 kg·hm-2 and the row spacing of 15 cm,whereas the activities of three enzymes were the highest at the seeding rate of 16.0 kg·hm-2 and the row spacing of 20 cm. There was a certain correlation between the amount of soil microorganisms and soil enzymes. In summary,the combination of medium seeding rate (16.0,20.0 kg·hm-2) and row spacing of 20 cm is beneficial to improve soil biological properties in the rhizosphere of alfalfa in arid desert oasis.

Key words: Alfalfa, Rhizosphere, Soil microorganism, Soil enzyme

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