草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 3455-3468.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.10.033

• 技术研发 • 上一篇    

不同含水量和压实密度对高湿玉米籽粒青贮营养成分、发酵品质及微生物多样性的影响

高雨1,2, 姚康雨1,2, 翟美艳1, 苏比努尔·阿布都力1,2, 宋林海1,2, 杨敏1,2, 邵伟1,2, 杨亮1,2, 任万平1,2   

  1. 1. 新疆农业大学动物科学学院, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052;
    2. 新疆乳肉用草食动物营养重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-08 修回日期:2025-03-03 发布日期:2025-10-17
  • 通讯作者: 任万平,E-mail:rep15999154824@163.com
  • 作者简介:任万平,E-mail:rep15999154824@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    2024自治区畜牧业生产发展-西门塔尔牛（2224XMYSC）资助

Effects of Different Moisture Contents and Compaction Densities on the Nutritional Composition,Fermentation Quality,and Microbial Diversity of High-moisture Corn Grain Silage

GAO Yu1,2, YAO Kang-yu1,2, ZHAI Mei-yan1, ABUDULI Subinuer1,2, SONG Lin-hai1,2, YANG Min1,2, SHAO Wei1,2, YANG Liang1,2, REN Wan-ping1,2   

  1. 1. College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China;
    2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dairy Meat Herbivore Nutrition, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
  • Received:2024-10-08 Revised:2025-03-03 Published:2025-10-17

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摘要： 本研究探讨不同玉米籽粒含水量（28%，32%，36%，40%）和压实密度（900，950，1000 kg·m-3）对高湿玉米青贮过程中营养成分、发酵特性及微生物多样性的影响。试验设12个组合，于青贮0，8，16，32，64 d及有氧暴露7 d测定相关指标，并基于第64 d费氏评分（Fleig score，FS）筛选A2，B1，B3，C1，C3，D2组进行微生物分析。结果表明：青贮前期高含水量降低干物质（Dry matter，DM）和FS（P<0.05），乳酸和乙酸随青贮时间增加（P<0.05）；后期高含水量组pH更低、乳酸更高，D2组FS值最高（P<0.05）。28%含水量组DM和乳酸与压实密度正相关。有氧暴露7 d，各组DM、淀粉、乳酸、乙酸及FS虽显著下降（P<0.05），但仍维持较高水平，pH稳定于3.9~4.6。微生物分析显示，低含水量组（A2，B1，B3）以Lentilactobacillus为主（>50%），高含水量组（C1，C3，D2）菌属分布更均匀。综合建议高湿玉米青贮最优参数为含水量32%~40%、压实密度950~1000 kg·m-3。

关键词: 高湿玉米, 含水量, 压实密度, 营养成分, 发酵品质, 微生物多样性

Abstract: In this study we investigated the effects of different moisture contents of corn kernel （28%，32%，36%，and 40%） and compaction densities （900，950，and 1000 kg·m-3） on nutritional composition，fermentation characteristics and microbial diversity during silage process of high-moisture corn. Twelve treatment combinations were set up in the experisment，the relevant indicators were measured at 0，8，16，32，and 64 days of ensiling，as well as after 7 days of aerobic exposure. Based on Fleig scores （FS） at day 64，groups A2，B1，B3，C1，C3 and D2 were selected for microbial analysis. The results indicated that high moisture content during the early ensiling phase reduced dry matter （DM） and FS （P<0.05），while lactic acid and acetic acid concentrations increased with ensiling time （P<0.05）. In the later stages，high moisture content groups exhibited lower pH values and higher lactic acid levels，with group D2 achieving the highest FS value （P<0.05）. For the 28% moisture content group，DM and lactic acid were positively correlated with compaction density. After 7 days of aerobic exposure，although DM，starch，lactic acid，acetic acid，and FS decreased significantly （P<0.05），they remained at relatively high levels，and pH was stabilized between 3.9 and 4.6. Microbial analysis revealed that Lentilactobacillus predominated （>50%） in low moisture content groups （A2，B1，B3），whereas microbial genus distribution was more uniform in high moisture content groups （C1，C3，D2）. In conclusion，optimal parameters for high-moisture corn silage include a moisture content range of 32%-40% and a compaction density of 950-1000 kg·m-3.

Key words: High-moisture corn, Kernel moisture content, Compaction density, Nutritional composition, Fermentation quality, Microbial diversity

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