草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 630-635.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.02.032

• 技术研发 • 上一篇    

种植密度对全株大麦青贮品质的影响

任家辉1, 张腾薇1, 包文龙1, 云颖1, 王照兰1, 刘志萍2, 郑成忠3, 王凤梧3, 王靖宇4, 杨凤婷4, 乔巩5, 渠佳慧2, 李涛2, 孙娟娟1   

  1. 1. 中国农业科学院草原研究所/北方农牧业技术创新中心, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010;
    2. 内蒙古自治区农牧业 科学院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031;
    3. 乌兰察布市农林科学研究所, 内蒙古 乌兰察布 012000;
    4. 兴安盟农牧科学研究所, 内蒙古 兴安盟 137400;
    5. 乌兰察布农业技术推广中心, 内蒙古 乌兰察布 012000
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-09 修回日期:2024-10-26 发布日期:2025-03-01
  • 通讯作者: 孙娟娟,E-mail:sunjuanjuan@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:任家辉（1999-）,男,回族,宁夏固原人,硕士研究生,主要从事饲草育种及加工利用研究,E-mail:2559512968@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技计划项目优质大麦青贮调制技术研发与应用（2021GG0068）;内蒙古自治区科技计划项目优质、丰产饲草大麦新品种选育及应用（2020GG0059）资助

Effects of Planting Density on the Quality of Whole Barley Silage

REN Jia-hui1, ZHANG Teng-wei1, BAO Wen-long1, YUN Ying1, Wang Zhao-lan1, LIU Zhi-ping2, ZHENG Cheng-zhong3, Wang Feng-wu3, Wang Jing-yu4, Yang Feng-ting4, QIAO Gong5, QU Jia-hui2, LI Tao2, SUN Juan-juan1   

  1. 1. Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Northern Agriculture and Livestock Husbandry Techology Innovation Center, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, China;
    2. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010031, China;
    3. Ulanqab Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia 012000, China;
    4. Hinggan League Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Hinggan League, Inner Mongolia 137400, China;
    5. Ulanqab Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia 012000, China
  • Received:2024-05-09 Revised:2024-10-26 Published:2025-03-01

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摘要： 为研究种植密度对大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）草产量和青贮品质的影响,以‘内农科饲用大麦2号’为试验材料,设置低密度（375万株·hm-2）、中密度（450万株·hm-2）、高密度（525万株·hm-2）3个处理,于大麦乳熟期刈割后进行产量测定并调制青贮饲料,真空袋青贮45 d。测定全株大麦青贮前后营养成分以及大麦青贮饲料微生物数量、发酵品质。结果表明：随种植密度增加大麦干草产量、分蘖数和有效穗数显著增加（P<0.05）。高密度处理大麦原料及青贮后可溶性碳水化合物与干物质含量显著高于其他处理,中性、酸性洗涤纤维含量显著低于其他处理。高密度处理大麦青贮pH值最低,氨态氮与总氮的比值最低,发酵品质优于中、低密度处理。因此,在一定种植密度范围内增加大麦种植密度可提高其草产量、提升其青贮发酵品质。当大麦作为青贮饲料利用时建议种植密度不低于525万株·hm-2。

关键词: 全株大麦, 种植密度, 营养价值, 发酵品质

Abstract: To study the effects of planting density on barley （Hordeum vulgare L.） grass yield and silage quality,Barley No. 2 for internal agricultural science forage was used as the experimental material, and 3 treatments of low density （3.75 million plants·hm-2）, medium density （4.5 million plants·hm-2） and high density （5.25 million plants·hm-2） were set up. The yield was measured and the silage was prepared after mowing at the milk maturity stage of barley, and the vacuum bag silage was opened after 45 days. The nutrient composition of whole barley silage before and after silage, the number of microorganisms in barley silage, and the fermentation quality were determined. The results showed that the hay yield, tillering number and effective panicle number of barley increased significantly with the increase of planting density （P<0.05）. The contents water of soluble carbohydrates and dry matter in barley raw materials and silage after high-density treatment were significantly higher than those in other treatments, and the contents of neutral and acidic detergent fiber were significantly lower than those in other treatments. The pH value of barley silage and the ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen were the lowest in the high-density treatment, and the fermentation quality was better than that of the medium- and low-density treatments. In conclusion, increasing the planting density of barley within a certain planting density range could improve the grass yield and silage fermentation quality. When barley was used as silage, it recommended that the planting density should not be less than 5.25 million plants·hm-2.

Key words: Whole barley, Planting density, Nutritive value, Fermentation quality

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