草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 3628-3635.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2024.11.032

• 技术研发 • 上一篇    

种植密度对不同株型藜麦材料生长特性及饲用价值的影响

梁嘉琪1,4, 郭占斌2,3, 刘瑞香1,4, 王树彦3   

  1. 1. 内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010029;
    2. 内蒙古益稷生物科技有限公司, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010019;
    3. 内蒙古蒙农藜麦产业研究院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010;
    4. 荒漠生态系统保护与修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010029
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-11 修回日期:2024-04-15 发布日期:2024-11-29
  • 通讯作者: 刘瑞香,E-mail:liuruix@126.com
  • 作者简介:梁嘉琪(1999-),女,汉族,内蒙古锡林郭勒盟人,硕士研究生,主要从事植物资源的饲料化利用研究,E-mail:1044031349@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    呼和浩特市应用技术研究与开发资金项目，丰产、抗倒伏、中晚熟藜麦新品种选育(2022-农-5)；中央引导地方科技发展资金项目，藜麦新品种旱作栽培及深加工产业化示范(2022ZY0138);内蒙古自治区燕麦藜麦产业技术创新推广体系；呼和浩特市应用技术研究与开发资金项目，藜麦加工特性改良育种(2023-农-1)资助

Effects of Planting Density on Growth Characteristics,Feeding Value and Yield of Different Plant Types of Quinoa Material

LIANG Jia-qi1,4, GUO Zhan-bin2,3, LIU Rui-xiang1,4, WANG Shu-yan3   

  1. 1. College of Desert Management, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010029, China;
    2. Inner Mongolia Yiji Biotechnology Co., LTD., Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010019, China;
    3. Inner Mongolia Monong Quinoa Industry Research Institute, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, China;
    4. Key Laboratory of Desert Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010029, China
  • Received:2024-03-11 Revised:2024-04-15 Published:2024-11-29

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摘要： 为探讨种植密度对不同株型藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa Willd)材料的生长特性、饲用价值及产量的影响，本试验选取不同株型的2个藜麦材料(W23和WQ874)，设置4个种植密度(D1，D2，D3，D4)，分析了藜麦的株高、生长速率、茎粗、营养成分含量、饲草产量及籽粒产量等指标，旨在为内蒙古阴山北麓地区饲用藜麦最佳种植密度与株型配套栽培措施提供参考依据。结果表明：2个藜麦材料的株高、生长速率、饲草粗蛋白含量、鲜草及干草产量、鲜干比、籽粒产量均随着种植密度的增大呈先升高后降低的趋势；茎粗、中酸性洗涤纤维、千粒重和单株籽粒重均随种植密度增大呈逐渐降低的趋势。并且，平展型藜麦W23在内蒙古阴山北麓地区最适宜的种植密度为52 000 株· hm-2，紧凑型藜麦WQ874最适宜种植的密度为68 000 株· hm-2。草牧业生产中要根据藜麦种质的株型选择合适的种植密度，平展型藜麦应适当稀植，紧凑型藜麦可适当密植。

关键词: 藜麦, 种植密度, 生长特性, 饲用价值, 产量

Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of planting density on the growth characteristics,feeding value and yield of different plant types of Chenopodium quinoa Willd materials,two quinoa materials were selected and four planting densities (D1,D2,D3,D4) were set up. The indexes including plant height,growth rate,stem diameter,crude protein content and fresh hay yield of quinoa were analyzed. The results showed that the plant height,growth rate,forage crude protein content,fresh grass and hay yield,fresh-dry ratio and grain yield of the two quinoa materials increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting density. Stem diameter,medium acid detergent fiber,1000-grain weight and grain weight per plant all decreased gradually with the increase of planting density. In addition,the optimum planting densities of flat quinoa W23 and compact quinoa WQ874 in Inner Mongolia were 52 000 plants·hm-2 and 68 000 plants·hm-2, respectively. The planting density of quinoa should be selected according to the plant type of quinoa. The flat quinoa should be lightly planted and the compact quinoa should be densely planted.

Key words: Quinoa, Planting density, Growth characteristic, Feeding value, Yield

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