草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 713-722.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.02.033

• 技术研发 • 上一篇    

中药渣对全株玉米青贮品质及黄曲霉毒素含量的影响

罗宏杰1, 肖启银2, 补星月1, 张祯勇2, 赵艳妮2, 练景龙2, 何凯2, 李旭旭3, 闫艳红1   

  1. 1. 四川农业大学草业科技学院, 四川 成都 611130;
    2. 甘孜藏族自治州农业科学研究所, 四川 康定 626000;
    3. 甘孜藏族自治州畜牧业科学研究所, 四川 康定 626000
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-13 修回日期:2025-04-18 发布日期:2026-01-22
  • 通讯作者: 闫艳红，E-mail:yanyanhong3588284@126.com
  • 作者简介:罗宏杰（2001-），男，汉族，四川宜宾人，硕士研究生，主要从事牧草栽培加工利用研究，E-mail:lhj19980823650@163.com；
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目（32271766）；国家现代农业产业技术体系四川大豆创新团队（SCCXTD-2024-21）资助

Effects of Herbal Dregs on the Quality and Aflatoxin Content of Corn Silage

LUO Hong-jie1, XIAO Qi-yin2, BU Xing-yue1, ZHANG Zhen-yong2, ZHAO Yan-ni2, LIAN Jing-long2, HE Kai2, LI Xu-xu3, YAN Yan-hong1   

  1. 1. College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural Universily, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, China;
    2. Agricultural Science Research Institute of Ganzi District, Kangding, Sichuan Province 626000, China;
    3. Sichuan Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Institute of Animal Husbandry Science, Kangding, Sichuan Province 626000, China
  • Received:2025-01-13 Revised:2025-04-18 Published:2026-01-22

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摘要： 为了探究中药渣对全株玉米青贮品质和安全性的影响，本研究以全株玉米单贮为对照，将杜仲（Eucommia ulmoides）、留兰香（Mentha spicata）和党参（Codonopsis pilosula）三种药渣分别按照5%，7%，10%的鲜重比例与全株玉米（Zea mays）混贮，测定其对玉米青贮品质及黄曲霉毒素B1含量的影响。结果显示：青贮60 d时，除10%杜仲、5%留兰香处理外，其他处理组可溶性碳水化合物含量显著高于对照（P<0.05），其中10%党参药渣处理的可溶性碳水化合物含量最高。留兰香药渣处理组及10%杜仲药渣处理的酸性洗涤纤维含量均显著低于对照（P<0.05）。此外，5%留兰香药渣以及5%杜仲药渣处理的乳酸含量均高于100 g·kg-1 DM，且显著高于其他处理组（P<0.05）。除10%党参药渣处理外，各处理组的黄曲霉毒素B1含量均小于对照，其中10%杜仲药渣和5%留兰香药渣处理显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）。有氧暴露9 d时，各处理的粗蛋白含量均下降，但中药渣处理组的粗蛋白损失率均显著低于对照（P<0.05）；5%留兰香药渣处理的黄曲霉毒素B1含量最少，显著低于其他各处理（P<0.05）。综合考虑青贮玉米营养品质和安全性，建议全株玉米与5%留兰香药渣或10%杜仲药渣混合青贮。

关键词: 玉米青贮, 中药渣, 发酵品质, 营养成分, 黄曲霉毒素B1

Abstract: To investigate the effects of Chinese herbal residues on the quality and safety of whole-plant corn silage， this study compared the effects of Eucommia ulmoides， Mentha spicata， and Codonopsis pilosula residues mixed with whole-plant corn （Zea mays） at fresh weight ratios of 5%， 7%， and 10%， respectively， with that of whole-plant corn silage alone. The impacts of these treatments on the quality of corn silage and aflatoxin B1 content were assessed. The results showed that at 60 days of ensiling， except for the 10% Eucommia ulmoides and 5% Mentha spicata treatments， the water soluble carbohydrate（WSC） content of other treatments was significantly higher than that of the control （P<0.05）. The 10% Codonopsis pilosula residue treatment had the highest WSC content. The acidic detergent fiber content in both the Mentha spicata residue treated groups and 10% Eucommia ulmoides residue treatment was significantly lower than that in the control （P<0.05）. Additionally， the lactic acid content in both the 5% Mentha spicata residue and 5% Eucommia ulmoides residue treatments was higher than 100 g·kg-1 DM and significantly higher than that of other treatments （P<0.05）. Except for the 10% Codonopsis pilosula residue treatment， the aflatoxin B1 （AFB1） content of all treatments was lower than that of the control， and that of the 10% Eucommia ulmoides residue and 5% Mentha spicata residue treatments was significantly lower than other groups （P<0.05）. After 9 days of aerobic exposure， the crude protein （CP） content in all treatments decreased， but the CP loss rate of the Chinese herbal residue treatment groups was significantly lower than that of the control （P<0.05）； the AFB1 content of the 5% Mentha spicata residue treatment was the lowest， and significantly lower than that of other treatments （P<0.05）. Considering the nutritional quality and safety of the whole-plant corn silage， mixing the whole-plant corn with either 5% Mentha spicata residue or 10% Eucommia ulmoides residue for ensiling is recommended.

Key words: Corn silage, Traditional chinese medicine residues, Fermentation quality, Nutrient composition, Aflatoxin B1