草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 2296-2305.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.06.032

• 技术研发 • 上一篇    

乳酸菌与纤维素酶对桑叶青贮品质及菌群的影响

孙楠1, 那亚1, 格根图1, 王志军1, 姜熔1, 孟根宝力尔2, 尚浩一2, 白红杰3   

  1. 1. 内蒙古农业大学草业学院/农业农村部饲草栽培、加工和高效利用重点实验室/草地资源教育部重点实验室, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010011;
    2. 克什克腾旗林业和草原局, 内蒙古 赤峰 025350;
    3. 翁牛特旗农牧局, 内蒙古 赤峰 024500
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-05 修回日期:2025-08-17 发布日期:2026-06-02
  • 通讯作者: 那亚,E-mail:naya_2003@126.com
  • 作者简介:孙楠(2001-),男,汉族,内蒙古包头人,硕士研究生,主要从事牧草加工与利用方面的研究,E-mail:1624632482@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古农业大学草学一流学科科研专项YLXKZX-NND-010;国家牧草产业技术体系资助(项目编号:CARS-34);内蒙古自治区重点研发与成果转化项目2023YFDZ0004资助

Effects of Adding Lactic Acid Bacteria and Cellulase on Fermentation Quality and Microbial Community of Mulberry Leaf Silage

SUN Nan1, NA Ya1, GE Gen-tu1, WANG Zhi-jun1, JIANG Rong1, MENG Gen-bao-li-er2, SHANG Hao-yi2, BAI Hong-jie3   

  1. 1. College of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010011, China;
    2. Keshiketeng Banner Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 025350, China;
    3. Wengniuteqi Banner of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024500, China
  • Received:2025-06-05 Revised:2025-08-17 Published:2026-06-02

摘要: 本研究旨在探究不同添加剂对桑(Morus alba L.)树叶青贮发酵特性及微生物群落的影响。试验以新鲜桑叶为原料,设置6个处理组[对照组(CK)、戊糖片球菌组(SSW)、植物乳杆菌组(SSZ)、纤维素酶组(SSX)、戊糖片球菌+纤维素酶组(SSWX)、植物乳杆菌+纤维素酶组(SSZX)],通过45天室温青贮,分析营养指标、发酵品质及微生物多样性。结果表明:在营养品质方面,SSZX组的粗蛋白含量最高(18.81% DM),同时其中性洗涤纤维与酸性洗涤纤维含量显著降低(分别为26.00% DM和22.00% DM)(P<0.05)。在发酵特性方面,添加剂显著改善了发酵品质,其中SSZX组的pH值最低(4.29),乳酸含量最高(39.90 g·kg-1),氨态氮含量最低(4.97 g·kg-1),且未检测到丁酸。青贮微生物分析显示,CK组以肠杆菌属(40.00%)和镰孢菌属(20.00%)为主,存在腐败风险;而SSZ与SSZX组中植物乳杆菌为优势菌群(相对丰度为75.00%~84.00%)。此外,植物乳杆菌的相对丰度与pH值、中性洗涤纤维含量呈显著负相关,进一步证实其在抑制有害微生物方面的作用。综上所述,在桑树叶青贮中添加植物乳杆菌+纤维素酶的组合,青贮品质最佳。

关键词: 青贮, 桑树叶, 乳酸菌添加剂, 微生物多样性

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different additives on the fermentation characteristics and microbial community of mulberry leaf silage. In this experiment, fresh mulberry leaves were served as raw materials, and six treatment groups were established, including control group (CK), Pediococcus pentosaceus group (SSW), Lactobacillus plantarum group (SSZ), cellulase group (SSX), Pediococcus pentosaceus+cellulase group (SSWX), and Lactobacillus plantarum+cellulase group (SSZX). Nutritional indicators, fermentation quality, and microbial diversity were assessed during a 45-day silage process at room temperature. The results revealed that the SSZX group exhibited the highest crude protein content (18.81% DM) and significantly reduced levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (26.00% DM and 22.00% DM, respectively) (P<0.05). Regarding fermentation characteristics, the additives markedly enhanced fermentation quality. The SSZX group recorded the lowest pH value (4.29), the highest lactic acid content (39.90 g·kg-1), and the lowest ammonia nitrogen (AN) content (4.97 g·kg-1), without being detected butyric acid. In terms of microbial composition, the CK group was predominantly composed of Enterobacter (40.00%) and Fusarium (20.00%), indicating a risk of spoilage. In contrast, Lactobacillus plantarum was the dominant bacterium in the SSZ and SSZX groups, comprising 75.00% to 84.00% of the microbial population. The abundance of Lactobacillus plantarum was significantly negatively correlated with both pH and NDF, thereby confirming its inhibitory effect on harmful microorganisms. In conclusion, the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum and cellulase to mulberry leaf silage had the highest quality.

Key words: Silage, Mulberry leaves, Lactic acid bacteria additives, Microbial diversity

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