草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 2306-2315.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.06.033

• 技术研发 • 上一篇    

菌酶协同对玉米秸秆青贮品质及微生物群落的影响

马向东1, 撒多文2, 刘会越3, 黄帅1, 付茂兴1, 齐波毅1, 赵冬梅4, 刘会涛1, 刘鹰昊2, 卢强1   

  1. 1. 宁夏大学林业与草业学院, 宁夏 银川 750021;
    2. 中国农业科学院草原研究所, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010;
    3. 华南农业大学, 广东 广州 510642;
    4. 内蒙古一太农业服务有限公司, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-03 修回日期:2025-08-01 发布日期:2026-06-02
  • 通讯作者: 卢强,E-mail:Luqiang@nxu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:马向东(2000-),男,回族,宁夏银川人,硕士研究生,主要从事饲草料加工与利用研究,E-mail:12024131594@stu.nxu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    呼和浩特市科技计划项目农牧交错区玉米秸秆饲用化技术研发与示范（2023-农-6）资助

Effects of Bacteria-Enzyme Synergy on Silage Quality and Microbial Community of Corn Straw

MA Xiang-dong1, SA Duo-wen2, LIU Hui-yue3, HUANG Shuai1, FU Mao-xing1, QI Bo-yi1, ZHAO Dong-mei4, LIU Hui-tao1, LIU Ying-hao2, LU Qiang1   

  1. 1. School of Forestry and Grassland Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China;
    2. Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, China;
    3. South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China;
    4. Inner Mongolia Yitai Agricultural Services Co., Ltd, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, China
  • Received:2025-07-03 Revised:2025-08-01 Published:2026-06-02

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摘要： 为探究复合菌剂（含植物乳杆菌Lactobacillus plantarum、枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis、黑曲霉Aspergillus niger）及其与糖蜜或纤维素酶复配对玉米（Zea mays L.）秸秆的青贮品质及微生物多样性的影响，本试验采用单因素随机设计，设对照组（CK）、复合菌剂组（BC）、复合菌+糖蜜组（FT）、复合菌+纤维素酶组（FX）4个处理。每组3次重复，经室温发酵30 d后，开封取样测定其营养成分、发酵品质及微生物多样性。结果显示，与CK组相比，BC，FT和FX组的粗蛋白和粗灰分含量显著升高，中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著降低；FX组氨态氮和乙酸含量最高，分别为9.13%DM，1.95%DM。熵权-TOPSIS评价结果显示FX组品质最优，相对贴近度Ci=0.510。微生物多样性分析表明，BC，FT和FX组显著降低群落丰富度和多样性。门水平上，各组优势菌门为芽孢杆菌门，FX组相对丰度最高；其次为假单胞菌门，相对丰度以CK组最高。属水平上，CK组优势菌属主要为布氏乳杆菌Lentilactobacillus、芽孢乳杆菌属Sporolactobacillus、梭菌属Lactiplantibacillus和植物乳杆菌属，而BC，FT，FX组以布氏乳杆菌为主。综上，复合菌剂能显著改善玉米秸秆青贮品质并改变其微生物群落结构，其中FX组（菌酶协同）青贮效果最佳。

关键词: 玉米秸秆, 青贮, 菌酶协同, 发酵品质, 营养成分, 微生物多样性

Abstract: The experiment was designed to investigate the effects of the composite bacterial agent composed of Lactobacillus plantarum， Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger and its compounding with molasses or cellulase on the silage quality and microbial diversity of corn straw. A single-factor randomized design was adopted with four treatments： control group （CK）， composite fungicide group （BC）， composite fungus with molasses group （FT）， and composite fungus with cellulase group （FX）. Each group was replicated three times， and after 30-day fermentation at room temperature， the samples were opened and sampled to determine their nutrient composition， fermentation quality and microbial diversity. The results showed that compared with the CK group， the crude protein （CP） and crude ash （Ash） contents in BC， FT and FX groups increased significantly， while the neutral detergent fiber （NDF） and acid detergent fiber （ADF） contents decreased significantly. The FX group had the highest contents of ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N， 9.13%DM） and acetic acid （AA， 1.95%DM）. The Entropy Weight-TOPSIS evaluation indicated that the FX group had the best quality with a relative closeness degree （Ci） of 0.510. Microbial diversity analysis showed that BC， FT and FX groups significantly reduced community richness and diversity. At the phylum level， the dominant phylum in all groups was Bacillota， with the highest relative abundance in the FX group， followed by Pseudomonadota with the highest abundance in the CK group. At the genus level， the dominant genera in the CK group were mainly Lentilactobacillus， Sporolactobacillus， Clostridium， and Lactiplantibacillus， while the BC， FT and FX groups were dominated by Lentilactobacillus. In conclusion， the composite bacterial agent significantly improved the silage quality of corn stover and altered its microbial community structure， with the FX group （bacteria enzyme synergism） showing the best silage effect.

Key words: Corn straw, Silage, Bacterial enzyme synergism, Fermentation quality, Nutrient content, Microbial diversity

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