基于生理与转录组学的高加索三叶草耐寒性分析

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.07.006

草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 2403-2414.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.07.006

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

基于生理与转录组学的高加索三叶草耐寒性分析

吴倩¹, 赵雅茹², 曹克璠¹, 马一鸣¹, 索媛¹, 李舒宁¹, 齐海波¹, 王明玖¹

1. 内蒙古农业大学草业学院/草地资源教育部重点实验室, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010011;
2. 内蒙古正时生态农业(集团)有限公司, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010010

收稿日期:2025-08-21 修回日期:2025-10-14 发布日期:2026-07-02
通讯作者: 王明玖，E-mail:wangmj_0540@163.com
作者简介:吴倩（1999-），女，汉族，内蒙古丰镇人，硕士研究生，主要从事草地资源生态与管理研究，E-mail:15548302887@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“蒙农三叶草1号结瘤固氮机理及根瘤菌多样性研究”（31960353）；“蒙农三叶草1号花期延长及其调控机理研究”（32160334）资助

Physiological Changes and Transcriptomic Analysis of Caucasian Clover under Low Temperature Stress

WU Qian¹, ZHAO Ya-ru², CAO Ke-fan¹, MA Yi-ming¹, SUO Yuan¹, LI Shu-ning¹, QI Hai-bo¹, WANG Ming-jiu¹

1. College of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Grassland Resource of Ministry of Education, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010011, China;
2. Inner Mongolia Zhengshi Ecological Agriculture (Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, China

Received:2025-08-21 Revised:2025-10-14 Published:2026-07-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究以耐寒性强的多年生牧草高加索三叶草（Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.）为材料，以20℃正常生长的幼苗为对照（CK），设置4℃低温胁迫2 h，6 h 和 12 h共3个处理，测定各时期高加索三叶草的生理指标，并对CK与胁迫12 h的植株进行转录组测序，解析其幼苗期在低温胁迫下的生理反应与适应机制。结果表明，4℃处理下，植株通过提高抗氧化酶（过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶）活性及渗透调节物质（可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸）含量，有效清除活性氧，减轻了膜脂过氧化损伤，从而增强其抗寒能力。转录组分析显示，4℃处理12 h后共鉴定到15 428个差异表达基因，其中8909个基因上调，6519个基因下调。其中类黄酮生物合成通路与MAPK信号通路被显著激活：类黄酮通路上游关键基因查尔酮合成酶和查尔酮异构酶显著上调，促进了抗氧化物质（木犀草素、芹菜素、异黄酮）的合成；MAPK通路中MEKK1等基因的表达升高，表明低温信号通过磷酸化级联反应进行转导。其研究结果为解析高加索三叶草耐寒性提供了理论依据。

关键词: 高加索三叶草, 低温胁迫, 生理指标, 差异基因

Abstract: This study investigated the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the cold tolerance of Caucasian clover （Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.）， a perennial forage known for its strong hardiness. Seedlings grown at 20℃ served as the control （CK）， and low-temperature stress （4℃） was applied for 2， 6， and 12 h. Physiological indicators were measured at each time point， and transcriptome sequencing was conducted on the control and 12 h-stressed plants. The results indicated that under 4℃， the plants enhanced their cold tolerance by significantly increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes （peroxidase， catalase， and superoxide dismutase） and the levels of osmoregulatory substances （soluble protein， soluble sugar， and free proline）. This coordinated response effectively scavenged reactive oxygen species and mitigated membrane lipid peroxidation， as evidenced by reduced malondialdehyde accumulation. Transcriptome analysis identified 15 428 differentially expressed genes （DEGs） after 12 h of cold stress， with 8909 up-regulated and 6519 down-regulated. Key pathways were significantly activated， including the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway， where the up-regulation of pivotal upstream genes （CHS and CHI） facilitated the synthesis of antioxidant compounds such as luteolin， apigenin， and isoflavones. Concurrently， the MAPK signaling pathway was induced， highlighted by the increased expression of genes like MEKK1， suggesting that cold signals are transduced via a phosphorylation cascade. These findings provide crucial insights into the molecular basis of cold adaptation in Caucasian clover.

Key words: Trifolium ambiguum, Low temperature stress, Physiological parameters, DGEs

中图分类号:

S541.2

吴倩, 赵雅茹, 曹克璠, 马一鸣, 索媛, 李舒宁, 齐海波, 王明玖. 基于生理与转录组学的高加索三叶草耐寒性分析[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(7): 2403-2414.

WU Qian, ZHAO Ya-ru, CAO Ke-fan, MA Yi-ming, SUO Yuan, LI Shu-ning, QI Hai-bo, WANG Ming-jiu. Physiological Changes and Transcriptomic Analysis of Caucasian Clover under Low Temperature Stress[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2026, 34(7): 2403-2414.

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基于生理与转录组学的高加索三叶草耐寒性分析

Physiological Changes and Transcriptomic Analysis of Caucasian Clover under Low Temperature Stress

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