草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 2708-2720.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.07.032

• 技术研发 • 上一篇    

不同混播比例对圈窝地燕麦-豌豆系统养分竞争及生产性能的影响

马玉颜1, 胥成梅2, 陈思凡1, 邵涛1,3, 蒲小剑4, 赵雅姣1, 林刚1,5, 武涛1, 向佳鸿1, 王诗涛1   

  1. 1. 甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/甘肃省草业工程实验室/中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心/国家林业和草原局高寒草地鼠害防控工程技术研究中心, 甘肃 兰州 730070;
    2. 青海省海晏县畜牧兽医站, 青海 海北 812200;
    3. 南京农业大学草业学院, 江苏 南京 210095;
    4. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院草原研究所, 青海 西宁 810016;
    5. 甘肃省自然资源规划研究院, 甘肃 兰州 730030
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-08 修回日期:2025-10-31 发布日期:2026-07-02
  • 通讯作者: 赵雅姣，E-mail:zhaoyj@gsau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:马玉颜（2000-），女，汉族，甘肃金昌人，博士研究生，主要从事牧草栽培研究，E-mail:15593598782@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省高校青年博士支持项目（2024QB-076）；草业生态系统教育部重点实验室揭榜挂帅项目（KLGE-2024-04）；青年导师扶持基金项目（GAU-QDFC-2025-03）资助

Effects of Different Mixture Ratios on Nutrient Competition and Productivity in Oat-Pea Intercropping System in Corral Lands

MA Yu-yan1, XU Cheng-mei2, CHEN Si-fan1, SHAO Tao1,3, PU Xiao-Jian4, ZHAO Ya-jiao1, LING Gang1,5, WU Tao1, XIANG Jia-Hong1, WANG Shi-Tao1   

  1. 1. College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Key Laboratory Pratacultural Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-US Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China;
    2. Haixian County Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Haibei, Qinghai Province 812200, China;
    3. College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China;
    4. Institute of Grassland Science, Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    5. Gansu Provincial Research Institute of Natural Resources Planning, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730030, China
  • Received:2025-09-08 Revised:2025-10-31 Published:2026-07-02

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摘要： 本研究旨在探究青海高寒地区圈窝地不同混播比例下燕麦（Avena sativa L.）与饲用豌豆（Pisum sativum L.）系统的养分种间竞争特征及其对生产性能的影响。于2023—2024年在青海海晏县进行田间试验，设置燕麦∶豌豆混播比例2∶1（O2P），1∶1（OP）、1∶2（OP2）及单播燕麦与豌豆对照（MO，MP）。测定干草产量、株高、叶面积、茎叶比、氮、磷、钾含量与积累量，计算土地当量比（Land equivalent ratio，LER）以及竞争比率（Competition rate，CR）。结果表明：（1）各混播比例LER均大于1，其中OP处理最高，表明混播具有土地资源利用优势；（2）燕麦产量CR均大于1，种内竞争占优；豌豆CR小于1，种间竞争更强；（3）燕麦对氮、磷的竞争能力在各混播比例下均强于豌豆；对钾的竞争则随比例变化，在OP2下豌豆优于燕麦；（4）OP处理干草产量最高，但其燕麦个体叶面积最低，说明系统高产主要依赖于种间功能互补与群体协同，而非个体形态优势。综上，燕麦/豌豆混播通过资源互补与竞争协调提升系统生产力，其中1∶1混播为高寒圈窝地饲草生产的适宜模式。

关键词: 燕麦, 豌豆, 混播, 养分竞争

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the interspecific nutrient competition characteristics and their effects on the productive performance of an oat （Avena sativa L.） and forage pea （Pisum sativum L.） system under different intercropping ratios in Corral lands of the Qinghai alpine region. A field experiment was conducted in Haiyan County， Qinghai Province， from 2023 to 2024， with treatments including Avena sativa∶Pisum sativum intercropping ratios of 2∶1 （O2P）， 1∶1 （OP）， and 1∶2 （OP2）， as well as monocropping oat （MO） and monocropping pea （MP） as controls. Measurements included dry matter yield， plant height， leaf area， stem-to-leaf ratio， contents and accumulations of nitrogen （N）， phosphorus （P）， and potassium （K）. The land equivalent ratio （LER） and competition rate （CR） were calculated. The results showed that： （1） The LER values under all intercropping ratios were greater than 1， with the OP treatment exhibiting the highest value， indicating that intercropping provided an advantage in land resource utilization； （2） The yield CR of oat was consistently greater than 1， demonstrating that intraspecific competition predominated， whereas the CR of pea was less than 1， indicating stronger interspecific competition； （3） Oat exhibited stronger competitive ability for N and P than pea across all intercropping ratios， while competition for K varied with the ratio-pea outperformed oat only under the OP2 ratio； （4） The OP treatment achieved the highest dry matter yield， despite oat individual leaf area being the lowest in this treatment， suggesting that the high system productivity relied primarily on interspecific functional complementarity and population synergy rather than individual morphological advantages. In conclusion， oat/pea intercropping enhances system productivity through resource complementarity and competition coordination， with the 1∶1 intercropping ratio being a suitable model for forage production in alpine Corral lands.

Key words: Oats, Peas, Mixed cropping, Nutrient competition

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