短期围封对藏东高寒草地土壤质量与多功能性的影响

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.08.027

草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 3049-3059.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.08.027

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

短期围封对藏东高寒草地土壤质量与多功能性的影响

张宁^1,2, 魏海娟³, 李佳^1,2, 孙建⁴, 张林⁴, 罗栋梁⁵, 王金牛^1,2,3

1. 中国科学院成都生物研究所, 四川成都 610213;
2. 西藏生态安全屏障生态监测网络芒康生物多样性与生态监测站, 西藏昌都 854000;
3. 西藏自治区生态环境遥感监测中心, 西藏拉萨 850030;
4. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所, 北京 100101;
5. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2026-01-04 修回日期:2026-03-09 发布日期:2026-08-04
通讯作者: 王金牛,E-mail:wangjn@cib.ac.cn
作者简介:张宁(1997-),女,汉族,山西晋城人,博士研究生,主要从事高寒生态系统植物功能性状研究,E-mail:zhangning@cib.ac.cn;魏海娟(1983-),女,汉族,青海西宁人,硕士,主要从事西藏自治区生态环境遥感监测研究,E-mail:308703412@qq.com
基金资助:
西藏自治区科技计划（XZ202401JD0016）；四川省自然科学基金项目（2024NSFSC0352）资助

Effects of Short-term Enclosure on Soil Quality and Multifunctionality of an Alpine Meadow in the Eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

ZHANG Ning^1,2, WEI Hai-juan³, LI Jia^1,2, SUN Jian⁴, ZHANG Lin⁴, LUO Dong-liang⁵, WANG Jin-niu^1,2,3

1. Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610213, China;
2. Mangkang Biodiversity and Ecological Monitoring Station, Tibet Ecological Safety Monitor Network, Qamdo, Xizang 854000, China;
3. Tibet Autonomous Region Remote Sensing Monitoring Center for Ecological Environment, Lhasa, Xizang 850030, China;
4. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
5. Northwest Institute of Eco-environmental Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China

Received:2026-01-04 Revised:2026-03-09 Published:2026-08-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 围栏封育是退化草地恢复的重要措施，但短期围封对土壤质量及多功能性的影响尚不明确。本研究以西藏三江并流区典型高寒草地为对象，比较连续两年围封与自由放牧（对照）对土壤理化性质、植物群落多样性及土壤多功能性的影响。结果表明：（1）围封显著影响土壤温度、电导率和有机碳含量（F₁=6.945，F₂=5.216，F₃=25.344，P<0.05）；（2）与2022年相比，2023年围封提高了植物群落多样性指数（0.966）和禾本科重要值（19.296），自由放牧对照中植物根冠比（17.671）、杂类草（8.215）和莎草科重要值（90.628）增加；（3）Mantel检验表明，2023年植物多样性与土壤理化性质相关性增强，放牧对照下群落对土壤变化更敏感，围封则增加了土壤因子间相关性。（4）多功能性分析表明，围封处理下生态系统功能较稳定，而放牧对照中高阈值多功能性波动较大。综上，短期围封对土壤理化性质的直接影响有限，但可通过调节植物群落结构间接影响土壤多功能性。

关键词: 西藏三江并流区, 围栏封育, 土壤多功能性, 多阈值法, 生态恢复

Abstract: Enclosure is an important measure for restoring degraded grasslands， however， the effects of short-term enclosure on soil quality and multifunctionality of the alpine meadow remain unclear. In this study， we compared the two years effects between enclosure and free grazing （control） on soil physicochemical properties， plant community diversity and soil multifunctionality of a typical alpine meadow in the Xizang Three Parallel Rivers region. The results showed that：（1） short-term fencing significantly affected soil temperature， electrical conductivity and soil organic carbon （F₁=6.945， F₂=5.216， F₃=25.344， P<0.05）. （2） Compared with 2022， plant community diversity （0.966） and the importance value of Poaceae （19.296） were greater than those under fencing in 2023， whereas root-shoot ratio （17.671） and the importance value of Forbrich （8.215） were increased accordingly， as well as Cyperaceae （90.628）. （3） Mantel tests indicated that the correlations between plant diversity and soil physicochemical properties were strengthened in 2023. For grazing control treatment， plant communities were more sensitive to soil changes， while enclosure enhanced correlations between different soil factors. （4） Multifunctionality analysis presented results that ecosystem functions for this alpine meadow were relatively stable under short-term enclosure， whereas greater fluctuations at high-threshold occurred under a control grazing. Overall， the short-term enclosure had limited direct effects on soil physicochemical properties but may indirectly influence soil multifunctionality by regulating plant community structure.

Key words: Xizang Three Parallel Rivers region, Grazing exclusion, Soil multifunctionality, Multi-threshold approach, Ecological restoration

中图分类号:

S812.2

张宁, 魏海娟, 李佳, 孙建, 张林, 罗栋梁, 王金牛. 短期围封对藏东高寒草地土壤质量与多功能性的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(8): 3049-3059.

ZHANG Ning, WEI Hai-juan, LI Jia, SUN Jian, ZHANG Lin, LUO Dong-liang, WANG Jin-niu. Effects of Short-term Enclosure on Soil Quality and Multifunctionality of an Alpine Meadow in the Eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2026, 34(8): 3049-3059.

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短期围封对藏东高寒草地土壤质量与多功能性的影响

Effects of Short-term Enclosure on Soil Quality and Multifunctionality of an Alpine Meadow in the Eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

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