Abstract: The purpose of this research was to provide the theoretical basis for grassland management and restoration for degraded land in Yellow River Source.The plant species diversity,biomass and soil nutrition were studied among alpine meadow communities(Kobresia pygmaea meadow alpine meadow,K.tibetica swamp alpine meadow and Salix oritrepha shrub alpine meadow) in Maqin connty,Qinghai province of China.Results show that Shannon-wienner index,abundance index,evenness index and Simpson index are all presented with the same patterns in three communities.They are ranked as Salix oritrepha shrub meadow>Kobresia pygmaea meadow>K.tibetica swamp meadow.There is significant difference in biomass between three communities.Total biomass of above-ground and under-ground in these treatments are ranked as K.tibetica swamp meadow>Salix oritrepha shrub meadow>K.pygmaea meadow(P<0.05).Almost all factors of soil nutrition content in K.tibetica swamp meadow are significantly higher than the other two alpine meadows.Soil nutrition content is decreased,and pH valve increased with soil depth increasing for K.pygmaea meadow and Salix oritrepha shrub meadow,while K.tibetica swamp meadow shows an opposite trend.

Key words: Yellow River headwater area, Alpine meadow, Vegetation type, Species Diversity, Biomass, Soil nutrition

摘要： 为了给黄河源区原生草地植被的科学管理及退化草地的治理提供理论依据,对青海省玛沁县藏嵩草(Kobresia tibetica)沼泽化草甸,山生柳(Salix oritrepha)灌丛草甸及小嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)草甸物种多样性、生物量及土壤养分状况进行比较研究。结果表明:不同植被类型植物群落多样性指数、物种丰富度指数、均匀度指数、生态优势度指数均为山生柳灌丛草甸>小嵩草草甸>藏嵩草沼泽化草甸。各群落生物量差异明显,地上、地下总生物量均为藏嵩草沼泽化草甸>山生柳灌丛草甸>小嵩草草甸(P<0.05)。藏嵩草沼泽化草甸土壤养分含量最高。小嵩草草甸和山生柳灌丛草甸各土壤层养分含量随土壤深度的增加呈下降趋势,pH值呈上升趋势,而藏嵩草沼泽化草甸却表现出相反的趋势,即随土壤深度的增加各层养分含量呈上升趋势,pH值呈下降趋势。

关键词: 黄河源区, 高寒草甸, 植被类型, 物种多样性, 生物量, 土壤养分