Abstract:

Chinese traditional pastoral areas are short of water resources, have abundant grassland resource and insufficient fertility of soil, therefore grain crops are not suitable here. With the increase of resource constraints and explosive growth of animal products demand, grassland agricultures in the pastoral areas are imperative. The six main pastoral areas of China were studied to analyze the production status of traditional pastoral areas under current agriculture system; and to calculate the potential food productivity of grassland agriculture and to compare with the food production capacity of current agriculture system using the dimensions of food equivalent unit (FEU) and arable land rquivalent unit (ALEU). The results showed that the current agriculture systems of traditional pastoral areas were facing problems such as limited capacity of grain yield increase, high cost of production in animal husbandry and large proportion of forage grain, while the grassland agriculture mode could create 15142.4 thousand hm² more ALEU and 91772.8 thousand tons more FEU. According to these results, the necessity and advantages of developing grassland agriculture in traditional pastoral areas were discussed and some policy suggestions were put forward in order to develop grassland agriculture.

Key words: Grassland agriculture, Pastoral areas, Food security, Food equivalent unit, Arable land equivalent unit

摘要：

我国传统牧区水资源短缺、草地资源丰富而耕地肥力不足，不适宜种植粮食作物。面对日趋紧张的资源约束和畜产品需求的爆炸式增长，牧区草地农业势在必行。因此，以我国6大牧区为研究对象，以食物当量和农田当量的量纲，分析现行农业系统下我国传统牧区的食物生产情况，计算草地农业系统的食物生产潜力，并与现行农业系统的食物生产能力进行对比。结果表明：我国传统牧区的现行农业系统面临着粮食增产能力有限及畜牧业生产成本过高、饲料用粮比重过大等问题，而草地农业模式可新增农田当量1514.24万hm²，新增食物当量9177.28万t。基于研究结果讨论了我国传统牧区发展草地农业的必要性和优势，并提出发展草地农业的政策建议。

关键词: 草地农业, 牧区, 食物安全, 食物当量, 农田当量