Abstract:

The temporal pattern of human activity was studied by the spatial and temporal distribution of household in the steppe region. Both change characteristic and driving force of human activity were analyzed in the temporal pattern of human activity. The effects of pastoral land policy were explored. These studies have important implications for understanding the action mechanisms of social systems and natural systems, exploring the grassland protection and sustainable use of the management model. The household quantity and spatial information were obtained according to satellite remote sensing data from 1987 to 2007, the household numbers and spatial distribution dynamic characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that the rapid growth period of household numbers was in 1987-2004, and the average annual growth rate was 5.18%. The number was gradually stabilized after 2004. The household quantity was significantly expanded from gathered region to the surrounding areas from 1989 to 2005. In the early stage, households mainly gathered in relatively low altitude areas, whereas households in relatively high altitude areas had an increasing tendency in the past 21 years. The nearest neighbor distance data indicated that the household distribution characteristics were changed from gathered pattern to random and gradually dispersed pattern. Overall, the increases of household income and the competition for the grassland resources were the main driving forces of household quantity and spatial pattern changes before former policy implementation. After the land policy was fully implemented in 2003, the pasture area and location fixed in a period restricted household growth, which resulted in the dispersed tendency of household distribution and the changes of the grassland use pattern and intensity.

Key words: Household, Human activity, Temporal and spatial pattern, Typical steppe, Baiyinxile ranch

摘要：

基于牧户的时空分布研究草原人类活动的格局,解析其变化特征与驱动力,并籍此探究“双权一制”土地政策对草原的影响,对认识草原社会与自然系统的作用关系,并探索草原保护与可持续利用管理有重要意义.研究利用1987-2007年间12期卫星图像,获取牧户数量和空间信息,分析内蒙古白音锡勒牧场黄花树特21年间牧户数量变化趋势与空间格局动态特征.结果表明: 1987-2004年为牧户数量的快速增长期,年均增长率5.18%,自2004年始,牧户数量逐渐稳定;对比1989和2005年的牧户分布密度格局,牧户从聚集区向周边扩散明显;早期牧户主要聚集在海拔相对较低的区域,在近20年中,其向相对较高海拔区域转移的趋势明显;利用最邻近距离分析显示,牧户空间格局变化呈现出由聚集趋向随机并逐步走向分散.表明牧户的内生与外入性增长以及其对草地资源的占用与户间竞争,是“双权一制”政策落实前牧户数量及空间格局变化的主要驱动力,而政策落实后,牧户承包使用的草场面积和位置在一定时期内被固定下来,牧户数量受到限制,并致使牧户点格局分布趋向分散,从而改变了区域草地利用格局与强度.

关键词: 牧户, 人类活动, 时空格局, 典型草原, 白音锡勒牧场