Effects of Fencing and Grazing on the Community Structure,Biomass and Forage Quality of Temperate Steppe in Xinjiang

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2020.03.028

Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 815-821.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2020.03.028

Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Fencing and Grazing on the Community Structure,Biomass and Forage Quality of Temperate Steppe in Xinjiang

ZHANG Yu¹, ASIYA·Manlike², XIN Xiao-ping¹, ZHANG Hui-hui², Rena·Abdukelimu², YAN Rui-rui¹, GUO Mei-lan³

1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
2. Institute of Grass Industry, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China;
3. School of Life Sciences, Jining Normal University, Wulanchabu, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 012000, China

Received:2019-10-09 Revised:2020-02-16 Online:2020-06-15 Published:2020-05-30

禁牧与放牧对新疆温性草原群落结构、生物量及牧草品质的影响

张宇¹, 阿斯娅·曼力克², 辛晓平¹, 张荟荟², 热娜·阿布都克力木², 闫瑞瑞¹, 郭美兰³

1. 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081;
2. 新疆畜牧科学院草业研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830000;
3. 集宁师范学院生命科学学院, 内蒙古乌兰察布 012000

通讯作者: 闫瑞瑞
作者简介:张宇(1994-),女,内蒙古赤峰人,硕士研究生,主要从事草地生态研究,Email:zhangyu517@163.com
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本业务费专项（Y2018LM06）；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金（CARS-34）共同资助

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to understand the influence of fencing and grazing on the community structure,biomass and forage quality of temperate steppe in Xinjiang.The community characteristics,community biomass,and community diversity in fenced or grazing grasslands were measured using the standard rangeland ecological methodology,while the nutritional quality of herbage plants was determined according to the national standards. The results showed that:Grazing significantly reduced the basic quantitative characteristics of the community (community height,coverage and density) (P<0.05),and increased the proportion of degradation indicator species in the community. Compared with the grazing grassland,the total biomass,biomass of dominant species and the proportion of dominant species in the fenced grassland were significantly higher (P<0.05). The community richness and the content of crude protein in plants were lower while the content of plant fiber were significantly higher in the fenced grassland(P<0.05). This study found that free grazing will lead to grassland degradation,and fencing will reduce the richness of the communities. When using grasslands,it is necessary to combine grazing with fencing to promote sustainable development of grassland ecosystems.

Key words: Temperate Steppe, Vegetation characteristics, Nutritional quality, Fencing and Grazing

摘要： 本试验研究了不同利用方式下温性草原植被特征及品质变化情况，旨在了解禁牧和放牧对草地群落产生的影响和群落变化过程，为合理利用与管理新疆温性草原提供理论依据。本研究以禁牧与放牧两种利用方式下的新疆温性草原为研究对象，2018年采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法，对整个生长季的草地群落生物量、数量特征、多样性及植被品质进行了动态观测。结果表明：放牧使群落基本数量特征（群落高度、盖度和密度）显著降低（P<0.05），退化指示植物在群落中所占比重增加；与放牧草地相比，禁牧草地的群落优势物种生物量、总生物量均显著提高（P<0.05），优势物种所占比重增加，群落丰富度下降，植物中粗蛋白含量降低，纤维含量显著增加（P<0.05）。本研究发现自由放牧会使草原群落向退化方向演替，长期禁牧会使得群落丰富度下降，在草原利用时要合理的将放牧与禁牧相结合，促进草地生态系统可持续发展。

关键词: 温性草原, 植被特征, 营养品质, 禁牧和放牧

CLC Number:

ZHANG Yu, ASIYA·Manlike, XIN Xiao-ping, ZHANG Hui-hui, Rena·Abdukelimu, YAN Rui-rui, GUO Mei-lan. Effects of Fencing and Grazing on the Community Structure,Biomass and Forage Quality of Temperate Steppe in Xinjiang[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2020, 28(3): 815-821.

张宇, 阿斯娅·曼力克, 辛晓平, 张荟荟, 热娜·阿布都克力木, 闫瑞瑞, 郭美兰. 禁牧与放牧对新疆温性草原群落结构、生物量及牧草品质的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2020, 28(3): 815-821.

0
/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://manu40.magtech.com.cn/Jweb_cdxb/EN/10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2020.03.028

https://manu40.magtech.com.cn/Jweb_cdxb/EN/Y2020/V28/I3/815

References

[1] 李博,孙鸿良,曾泗弟,等. 呼伦贝尔牧区草场植被资源及其利用方向的探讨[J]. 自然资源,1980,2(4):30-36
[2] 王效科,白艳莹,欧阳志云,等. 全球碳循环中的失汇及其形成原因[J]. 生态学报,2002,22(1):94-103
[3] 阿依努尔·热哈提. 新疆地区草原退化的原因分析[J]. 新疆畜牧业,2017,(6):41-42
[4] 张丽,蒋平安,张鲜花,等. 石河子绿洲植被净第一性生产力遥感估算研究[J]. 新疆农业科学,2010,47(6):1204-1207
[5] 朱美玲,蒋志清. 新疆牧区超载过牧对草地退化影响分析[J]. 青海草业,2012,21(01):2-5,14
[6] 章祖同,刘起. 中国重点牧区草地资源及其开发利用[M]. 北京:中国科学技术出版社,1992:1-10
[7] YAN R R,XIN X P,YAN Y C,et al. Impacts of Differing Grazing Rates on Canopy Structure and Species Composition in Hulunber Meadow Steppe[J]. Rangeland Ecology & Management,2015,68(1):6854-6864
[8] 汪诗平,王艳芬,陈佐忠. 气候变化和放牧活动对糙隐子草种群的影响[J]. 植物生态学报,2003,27(3):337-343
[9] 刘兴波. 不同退化梯度草甸草原和典型草原牧草营养时空异质性的研究[D]. 呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007:27-31
[10] 金晓明,韩国栋. 放牧对草甸草原植物群落结构及多样性的影响[J]. 草业科学,2010,27(4):7-10
[11] Oliva G,Cibils A,Borrelli P,et al. Stable states in relation to grazing in Patagonia:a 10-year experimental trial[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,1998,40(1):113-131
[12] 王明君,韩国栋,崔国文,等. 放牧强度对草甸草原生产力和多样性的影响[J]. 生态学杂志,2010,29(5):862-868
[13] 吕世海,冯长松,高吉喜,等. 呼伦贝尔沙化草地围封效应及生物多样性变化研究[J]. 草地学报,2008,16(5):442-447
[14] Hayward M W,Kerley G I H. Fencing for conservation:Restriction of evolutionary potential or a riposte to threatening processes?[J]. Biological Conservation,2008,142(1):1-13
[15] Zhao H L,Zhao X Y,Zhou R L,et al. Desertification processes due to heavy grazing in sandy rangeland,Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,2005,62(2):309-319
[16] Bisigato A J,Mónica B Bertiller,Ares J O,et al. Effect of grazing on plant patterns in arid ecosystems of Patagonian Monte[J]. Ecography,2005,28(5):561-572
[17] 张丽,张鲜花. 天山北坡山地草原类组草地植物群落特征及多样性动态分析[J]. 新疆农业科学,2017,54(1):148-155
[18] 张凡凡,和海秀,于磊,等. 新疆沙尔套山四季放牧草地主要牧草营养价值变化特征研究[J]. 草业学报,2018,27(11):182-194
[19] 张新华,鲁金萍,谷树忠,等. 新疆草原生态补偿政策实施效应评价[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(12):39-44
[20] Farley K A,Anderson W G,Bremer L L,et al. Compensation for ecosystem services:An evaluation of efforts to achieve conservation and development in Ecuadorian paramo grasslands[J]. Environmental Conservation2011,38(4):393-405
[21] 周洁,侯云霞,祖拜旦木·吐拉甫,等. 新疆差异化草原生态补偿标准研究[J]. 江西农业学报,2019,31(02):135-140
[22] 仝淑萍,苗彦军,边步云,等. 不同恢复措施对藏北草地群落生产力和多样性影响的研究[J]. 草地学报,2018,26(05):1078-1083
[23] 刘斌,孙艳玲,王中良,等.华北地区植被覆盖变化及其影响因子的相对作用分析[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(1):12-23
[24] 卫智军,李霞,刘红梅,等. 呼伦贝尔草甸草原群落特征对不同放牧制度的响应[J]. 中国草地学报,2011,33(1):65-70
[25] 张鲜花,朱进忠,吴咏梅. 天山北坡羊茅草原群落结构与数量特征的动态变化[J]. 草地学报,2012,20(5):819-824
[26] 许宏斌. 不同放牧强度对呼伦贝尔草甸草原群落特征及群落生物量分布的影响[D]. 呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2018:37-38
[27] YAN R R,XIN X P,YAN Y C,et al. Impacts of Differing Grazing Rates on Canopy Structure and Species Composition in Hulunber Meadow Steppe[J]. Rangeland Ecology & Management,2015,68(1):54-64
[28] 罗黎鸣,苗彦军,潘影,等. 不同干扰强度对拉萨河谷草甸草原群落特征和功能性状的影响[J]. 草地学报,2015,23(06):1161-1166
[29] 殷国梅,张英俊,王明莹,等. 短期围封对草甸草原群落特征与物种多样性的影响[J]. 中国草地学报,2014,36(03):61-66
[30] 刘文亭,卫智军,吕世杰,等. 放牧对短花针茅荒漠草原植物多样性的影响[J]. 生态学报,2017,37(10):3394-3402
[31] 周纪伦,郑师章,杨持. 植物种群生态学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,1992:239-242
[32] 刘刚,张克斌,李瑞,等. 人工封育草场管理研究-以宁夏盐池县为例[J]. 水土保持研究,2007,14(2):252-254
[33] 周华坤,周立,刘伟,等. 封育措施对退化与未退化矮嵩草草甸的影响[J]. 中国草地,2003,25(5):15-22
[34] 闫瑞瑞,辛晓平,张保辉,等. 肉牛放牧梯度对呼伦贝尔草甸草原植物群落特征的影响[J]. 中国草地学报,2010,32(03):62-67
[35] 孙菁,彭敏,陈桂琛,等. 青海湖区针茅草原植物群落特征及群落多样性研究[J]. 西北植物学报,2003,23(11):1963-1968
[36] O Gatibia R,Aguiar M R. Continuous moderate grazing management promotes biomass production in Patagonian arid rangelands[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,2016,125:73-79
[37] BAI Y F,WU J G,Chris M Clark,et al. Grazing alters ecosystem functioning and C:N:P stoichiometry of grasslands along a regional precipitation gradient[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,49(6):1204-1215
[38] P Schönbach H. Wan,M Gierus,et al. Effects of grazing and precipitation on herbage production,herbage nutritive value and performance of sheep in continental steppe[J]. Grass and Forage Science,2012,67(4):535-545

Effects of Fencing and Grazing on the Community Structure,Biomass and Forage Quality of Temperate Steppe in Xinjiang

禁牧与放牧对新疆温性草原群落结构、生物量及牧草品质的影响

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	YAO Xi-xi, WANG Li-ya, YAN Zhen-ying, LI Quan-lin, WANG You-bin, MA Bing-yun, LEI Yan-min, ZHOU Rui, XIE Jiu-xiang. Characteristics of Forage Nutritional Quality and Digestibility in Different Types of Grassland in Qinghai Tibet Plateau and their Correlation [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(S1): 113-120.
[2]	YAO Xi-xi, WANG Li-ya, YAN Zhen-ying, ZHANG Wen-juan, SUN Hai-qun, ZHOU Rui. Effects of Grazing on Vegetation Characteristics and Forage Nutrientional Quality in a Temperate Desert Steppe [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(S1): 165-172.
[3]	YAO Xi-xi, XIAO Feng, QI Shou-zhong, CHEN Guo-ming, WANG Li-ya, YAN Zhen-ying, ZHANG Wen-juan, SUN Hai-qun. Responses of Plant Functional Group Traits and Nutritional Quality to Fencing in an Alpine Meadow [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(S1): 208-217.
[4]	LIU Jing-jing, YIN Ya-li, LI Shi-xiong, ZHAO Wen, DONG Yi-ling, SU Shi-feng. Effects of Different Regulation Measures on Vegetation and Soil of Moderately Degraded Alpine Meadow [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(9): 2074-2080.
[5]	YAO Xi-xi, CAI Hua, LIU Hao-dong, LI Chang-hui. Analysis of Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and In Vitro Digestibility of Alpine Meadow Forage in Different Seasons [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(8): 1729-1737.
[6]	DONG Zhi-xiao, HE Run-hao, KUANG Jian-yang, NIE Cong, YANG Jian, ZHANG Jian-bo, GOU Wen-long, MA Xiao. Effects of Sweet Sorghum Intercropping with Lablab Purpureus on Yield and Quality of Mixed Forage in Chengdu Plain,China [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(7): 1578-1583.
[7]	SUN Hua-fang, LI Xi-lai, LI Cheng-yi, ZHANG Jing, LIN Chun-ying, JIN Li-qun, YANG Xin-guang. Changes of CO₂ Fluxes and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Biological Soil Crusts in a 19-year Artificial Grassland in the Source Zone of the Yellow River [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(5): 894-903.
[8]	LI Wen, MA Lin-feng, CAO Xi-min, YU Feng-fang, SHE Zhi-hui, XU Zhan-yun, LIU Gui-he, LYU Ai-zhi. Effect of Sowing Date on Yield and Quality of Zea mays L. in Bashang Agro-pastoral Ecotone in Northwest Hebei Province [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(5): 1080-1086.
[9]	NIE Cong, YANG Xiao-peng, LIU Zhe-chuan, ZHAO Yu-han, CHEN Wan-ting, HE Run-hao, LIU Wei, GOU Wen-long, MA Xiao. Effects of Different Preceding Combination and Planting Density on Production Performance and Quality of Forage Corn [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(4): 709-716.
[10]	WANG Wei-qiang, LIU Jing, TIAN Xin-hui, DU Wen-hua. Adaptability Evaluation of Secale cereale ‘Gannong No.2’ in Different Regions of Qinghai Province [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(3): 504-514.
[11]	SU Li-he, ZHANG Fan-fan, WANG Xu-zhe, WANG Ting, FU Dong-qing, MA Chun-hui. Effects of Snow Cover on the Yield and Nutritional Quality of Alfalfa with Different Fall-dormancy Levels [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(2): 356-363.
[12]	YAO Xi-xi, ZHOU Rui, LI Chang-hui, DUOJIE Suo-nan. Effects of Slope Aspect on Vegetation Distribution Pattern and Forage Quality Characteristics of Alpine Grassland in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(12): 2792-2799.
[13]	LI Wen, WEI Ting-hu, Abaodi, Yongcuobazhan, Cairentaci, ZHOU Yu-hai, LI Wen-hao, GUO Wei-xing, ZHANG Yan-ping. Effects of Reduction of Chemical Fertilizer and Organic Manure Supplement on Oat Nutrient Quality and Soil Nutrient in Alpine Cold Region [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(12): 2878-2886.
[14]	YUE Li-nan, SHI Shang-li, QI Juan, YANG Pei-zhi, LIU Gang, LIU Wen-hui, ZHANG Ying-jun, JING Jing-ying. Effects of No-tillage Reseeding on Productivity and Nutritional Quality of Degraded Grassland in Northern China [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(11): 2583-2590.
[15]	HE Peng-liang, WANG Ya-mei, JIE Hong-dong, DENG Hui-fen, XING Hu-cheng, JIE Yu-cheng. Effects of Different Cutting Time on the Forage Yield and Nutritional Quality of Forage Triticale [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(11): 2609-2614.