Abstract: In order to select high yielding and high quality Bromus inermis varieties for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,this experiment was conducted to evaluate the production performance and agronomic traits of 51 Russian introduced B. inermis germplasms resources by analysis on diversity,correlation,stability and affiliation functions,and to provide a basis for further selection of high quality B. inermis materials. The results showed that the increase in thousand kernels weight and leaf percentage could significantly increase the seed yield;the increase in plant height,stem thickness,total number of tillers,spike percentage,leaf area and root dry weight could significantly increase forage yield;there were significant differences (P<0.05) in seed yield for all tested materials in both 2018 and 2019,with B21 and B49 performing best in seed yield;B12 performed best in forage yield,with a significant difference (P<0.05) from 2018 to 2020;the forage yield and seed yield of B. inermis showed a decrease trend with increment of growing years. In terms of stability of production,both forage yield and seed yield were the highest in the first growing year,and the optimal use of the variety was for 2~3 years. B21 and B49 varieties had the best performance in seed yield and seed yield traits,with a high potential to be developed into long-term seed yielding varieties. B30,B12 and B49 varieties had the best performance in forage yield and forage yield traits with a great potential to be developed into long-term forage-producing varieties. The B49 variety had the best overall performance and could be used as a target parent for seed and forage-producing breeding.

Key words: Bromus inermis, Yield, Agronomic traits, Alpine zone, Production performance

摘要： 为选育适应青藏高原高产优质的无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)品种,本试验以俄罗斯引进51份无芒雀麦种质资源为对象,对供试材料的生产性能和农艺性状进行多样性分析、相关性分析、稳定性评价和隶属函数综合评价,为进一步选育优质无芒雀麦材料提供依据。结果表明:千粒重、叶占比的增加均显著提高种子产量;株高、茎粗、总分蘖数、穗占比、叶面积和根干重的增加均显著提高饲草产量;各材料在2018年和2019年种子产量均存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中以B21和B49种子产量表现最优;B12的饲草产量表现最优,在2018-2020年均存在显著差异(P<0.05);随种植年份的增加,无芒雀麦饲草产量、种子产量均呈下降变化;从稳产性来看,饲草和种子高产期均在第1年,最佳利用年限为2~3年;B21和B49种子产量和种子产量性状均表现最优,有极大潜力发展为长期产籽型品种;B30,B12和B49饲草产量和饲草产量性状表现最优,有极大潜力发展为长期产草型品种;B49的综合表现最优,可作为种用型和产草型育种目标亲本。

关键词: 无芒雀麦, 产量, 农艺性状, 高寒区, 生产性能