Acta Agrestia Sinica

Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 1867-1877.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2023.06.031

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Effects of Growth Phase and Mixed Sowing Ratio on Silage Quality of Forage Oat/ Common Vetch Mixed Fermentation in Winter Fallow Field of Sichuan

GAN Li1, LI Hai-ping2, WANG Hui1, CHEN You-jun1, CHEN Shi-yong1, JIANG Yong-mei3, ZHANG Jia-min1, LIANG Ji1, GUAN Hao1, ZHOU Qing-ping1   

  1. 1. Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China;
    2. School of Mathematics and Statistics, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    3. Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China
  • Received:2023-02-14 Revised:2023-03-22 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-06-30

生育期和混播比例对四川冬闲田燕麦/箭筈豌豆混合青贮品质的影响

甘丽1, 李海萍2, 汪辉1, 陈有军1, 陈仕勇1, 蒋永梅3, 张珈敏1, 梁骥1, 关皓1, 周青平1   

  1. 1. 西南民族大学四川若尔盖高寒湿地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 四川 成都 610041;
    2. 青海师范大学数学与统计学院, 青海 西宁 810016;
    3. 青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 青海 西宁 810016
  • 通讯作者: 关皓,E-mail:guanh0427@outlook.com
  • 作者简介:甘丽(1998-)，女，汉族，四川自贡人，硕士研究生，主要从事饲草加工与利用研究，E-mail:ganliyo@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省重点研发与转化计划“高品质燕麦生产及牦牛高效转化利用关键技术研究”(2022-NK-130)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2022NYXXS041)资助

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Abstract: To explore the suitable growth phase,the ratio of mixed sowing and mixed storage of forage oat (Avena sativa)/common vetch (Vicia sativa) for the mixed silage for the winter fallow field in Sichuan,this experiment used 'Baler’ oat and 'Chuanbei’ common vetch as raw materials,and set 1:0 (T1)，3:1 (T2),1:1 (T3),1:3 (T4),0:1 (T5) five mixed sowing ratios,in oat heading stage/common vetch flowering stage,oat flowering stage/common vetch pre-podding stage,oat milk-ripe stage/common vetch post-podding stage were cut then mixed as silage,and the silage was sampled and analyzed after fermented for 60 days. The results showed that among the three growth stages,the pH and proportion of ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen of mixed silage at the oat heading /common vetch flowering phase were the lowest (P<0.05),and the highest contents of lactic and acetic acid in mixed silage at oat flowering /common vetch pre-podding phase (P<0.05). Among the five mixed sowing ratios,T4 had a lower content of neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber and starch,and a higher crude protein content than T1,T2,and in T3;the pH,proportion of ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen was lower than those of other groups,and the content of lactic acid was higher than that of T1,T2,T5 groups. In summary,for winter fallow fields in Sichuan,the best silage quality would be obtained when the oats and common vetch were mowed with a ratio of 1:3 and harvested at the oat flowering and the common vetch at the early stage of podding.

Key words: Oat, Common vetch, Mixing sowing ratio, Growth phase, Mixed silage, Quality

摘要： 为探究四川冬闲田燕麦/箭筈豌豆混合青贮适宜的生育期及混播混贮比例，本试验以'贝勒’燕麦(Avena sativa)和'川北’箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)为原料，设置1∶0(T1)，3∶1(T2)，1∶1(T3)，1∶3(T4)，0∶1(T5)5个混播比例，在燕麦抽穗期/箭筈豌豆开花期、燕麦开花期/箭筈豌豆结荚前期、燕麦乳熟期/箭筈豌豆结荚后期刈割并混合青贮，青贮60 d取样分析。结果表明，在3个生育期中，燕麦抽穗期/箭筈豌豆开花期混合青贮的pH、氨态氮/总氮比值最低(P＜0.05)，燕麦开花期/箭筈豌豆结荚前期混合青贮的乳酸、乙酸含量最高；在5个混播比例中，T4较T1，T2，T3的中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和淀粉含量更低、粗蛋白含量更高；T4组pH、氨态氮/总氮比值低于各比例，乳酸含量高于T1,T2,T5组。因此，在四川冬闲田于燕麦开花期/箭筈豌豆结荚前期刈割，以燕麦/箭筈豌豆1∶3比例混播混贮其青贮品质最优。

关键词: 燕麦, 箭筈豌豆, 混播比例, 生育期, 混合青贮, 品质

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