Abstract: Moderate-scale operations are important for realizing the modernization of animal husbandry,which help optimize the allocation and effective operation of production factors. Clarifying the factor inputs used by herding households in different grass types for raising livestock is important for promoting moderate-scale animal husbandry operations. This study used a three-stage DEA model and a threshold model to explore the factor inputs for livestock raising by herding households in Hulun Buir,Xilin Gol League and Alxa League in 2022. The target constraints were set to the comprehensive efficiency and sheep unit benefit. The results demonstrated that: herding households in desert grassland areas should prioritize optimal operating efficiency as their goal;meanwhile,herding households in meadow grassland and typical grassland areas should prioritize optimal overall efficiency as their operating goal when deciding on factor inputs. In addition,herders of small-scale operation should aim at having their operating efficiency be optimal when conditions for scale expansion are absent;Large-scale operators should adjust their production decisions with reference to factor inputs under the goal of optimal overall efficiency. As animal husbandry is undergoing transformation and development in a critical period,this paper proposed the countermeasures such as setting differentiated goals,deepening organizational structure,and optimizing policy mechanisms. These countermeasures provide a reference basis for herding households to adjust their business.

Key words: Grassland type, Pastoral decision-making, Scale of operation, Comprehensive efficiency, Business benefits

摘要： 为明确不同草地类型牧户养畜的要素投入，推进畜牧业适度规模经营，本研究基于2022年呼伦贝尔市、锡林郭勒盟与阿拉善盟的牧户调研数据，分别以综合效率与经营效益为目标约束，采用三阶段DEA模型与门槛模型探索牧户养畜的要素投入情况。结果表明：荒漠草原地区牧户应以经营效益最优为目标导向，草甸草原与典型草原地区牧户应将综合效率最优作为经营目标来决定要素投入。在不具备扩大规模的条件下，小牧户应该以实现最优经营效益为目标，大规模经营户应参考综合效率最优目标下的要素投入来调整生产决策。畜牧业转型发展正值关键时期，本文从制定差异化目标、深化组织化程度、优化政策机制等方面提出对策建议，以期为牧户优化经营决策提供科学参考。

关键词: 草地类型, 牧户决策, 经营规模, 综合效率, 经营效益