Abstract: To investigate the impact of photovoltaic power stations on soil bacterial communities in alpine meadow regions, the photovoltaic area （PV）, grazing-prohibited non-photovoltaic area （E） and free grazing area （G） were set up in the Maqu photovoltaic test station that has been in operation for 5 years. The microclimatic characteristics, soil physicochemical properties, and soil bacterial community compositions in each zone were comprehensively assessed. Furthermore, the influence of environmental factors on the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities was examined. The results indicated that the predominant bacterial phyla identified across all zones were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Bacteroidota. The dominant genus were Candidatus-Udaeobacter and RB41, and their abundances were significantly different. The α diversity index of soil bacteria exhibited a distinct pattern, with the highest diversity observed in the grazing-prohibited non-photovoltaic area （E）, followed by the photovoltaic area （PV）, and the lowest diversity in the freely grazed area （G）. The presence of photovoltaic power stations had a notable influence on the metabolic functional pathways of soil microorganisms, particularly by enhancing the abundance of bacterial species associated with assimilation processes. Soil evaporation, water content, total nitrogen, and organic matter were identified as the primary factors affecting the diversity of soil bacterial communities in alpine meadows. In conclusion, photovoltaic power stations significantly altered the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities by modifying the microclimate and soil environment of alpine.

Key words: Photovoltaic power station, High-throughput sequencing, Soil physicochemical properties, Soil microorganisms, Ecological prediction

摘要： 为探究高寒草甸区光伏发电站对土壤细菌群落的影响,在运营5年的玛曲光伏试验站设置光伏区（PV）、禁牧无光伏区（E）和自由放牧区（G）,调查各区微气候特征、土壤理化性质及土壤细菌群落结构,分析环境因子对土壤细菌群落组成和多样性的影响。结果表明：各区中土壤细菌优势菌门均为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）,优势菌属均为Candidatus-Udaeobacter属和RB41属,其丰度差异显著；土壤细菌α多样性指数呈禁牧无光伏区（E）>光伏区（PV）>自由放牧区（G）趋势；光伏电站显著影响土壤微生物代谢功能途径,与同化作用相关的细菌物种丰度最高；土壤蒸发量、含水量、全氮和有机质是影响高寒草甸土壤细菌群落多样性的主要因素。综上,光伏电站通过改变高寒草甸的小气候和土壤环境,显著影响土壤细菌群落组成及多样性。

关键词: 光伏电站, 高通量测序, 土壤理化性质, 土壤微生物, 生态预测