Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of citral （Citral， C） on the growth of Aspergillus flavus （A. flavus） and the synthesis of aflatoxin B1 （AFB1） in whole-plant corn silage. The experiment used whole-plant corn at the milk stage as the material， which was ensiled for 90 days and then inoculated with A. flavus spores （1.0×10⁷ cfu·g^-1）. Citral was added at 0.4 mL·kg^-1 （C group）， with an untreated group as the control （CK group）. The antifungal activity of citral was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC）， mycelial dry weight， colony diameter， fermentation parameters， microbial counts， and the AFB1 content after aerobic exposure. The results showed that the MIC of citral against A. flavus was 0.4 μL·mL^-1， significantly inhibiting mycelial growth and spore germination （P<0.05）. After 7 days of aerobic exposure， the AFB1 content in the C group was below the detection limit （0.05 μg·kg^-1）， while it reached 3.66 μg·kg^-1 in the CK group. Additionally， citral significantly reduced the abundance of E. coli， yeasts， and harmful fungi （e.g.， Aspergillus） （P<0.05）， while mitigating pH increase and dry matter loss. In conclusion， citral effectively suppressed A. flavus growth and AFB1 synthesis， improving the aerobic stability of silage， thereby providing a theoretical basis for the development of plant-derived antifungal agents.

Key words: Citral, Aspergillus flavus, Whole-crop corn silage, Aerobic exposure

摘要： 本研究旨在探究柠檬醛（Citral，C）对全株玉米青贮饲料中黄曲霉（Aspergillus flavus，A. flavus）生长及黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）合成的抑制作用。试验以乳熟期全株玉米为材料，青贮90天后接种黄曲霉孢子（1.0×10⁷ cfu·g^-1），并添加0.4 mL·kg^-1柠檬醛（C组），以未添加组为对照（CK组）。通过测定最小抑菌浓度（MIC）、菌丝干重、菌落直径及有氧暴露后的发酵参数、微生物数量和AFB1含量，评估柠檬醛的抑菌效果。结果表明，柠檬醛对黄曲霉的MIC为0.4 μL·mL^-1，显著抑制菌丝生长和孢子萌发（P<0.05）。有氧暴露7天后，C组AFB1含量低于检测限（0.05 μg·kg^-1），而CK组为3.66 μg·kg^-1。此外，柠檬醛显著降低了大肠杆菌、酵母菌及有害真菌（如曲霉属）的丰度（P<0.05），同时减缓了pH上升和干物质损失。因此，柠檬醛能有效抑制黄曲霉生长及AFB1合成，改善青贮饲料的有氧稳定性，本研究为植物源抑菌剂的开发提供了理论依据。

关键词: 柠檬醛, 黄曲霉, 全株玉米青贮, 有氧暴露