Abstract: Elephant grass （Pennisetum purpureum） and hybrid Pennisetum are high-quality forage grasses with remarkable biomass potential. However， evaluation of their adaptability and agronomic performance in Northern China remains insufficient. This study aims to systematically evaluate the agronomic traits of 80 Pennisetum accessions in Beijing and screen the excellent germplasm suitable for northern cultivation. Seven key agronomic traits， including plant height， leaf length， leaf width， tiller number， stem diameter， fresh weight， and dry weight were measured for the 80 accessions. Then coefficient of variation （CV） analysis， correlation analysis， principal component analysis （PCA）， and subordinate function analysis were employed for comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that the 80 accessions exhibited rich genetic diversity. The CVs of the seven traits ranged from 10.97% to 78.77%， with dry weight （78.77%） and fresh weight （69.85%） exhibiting the highest variation， this indicates that there are significant differences in biomass-related traits among different genotypes. By correlation analysis， individual that leaf length and leaf width， as well as fresh weight and dry weight， were both highly significantly positively correlated （P < 0.01）. Principal component analysis （PCA） revealed that four principal components accounted for a cumulative contribution rate of 89.70%， primarily representing biomass factors， plant architecture factors， and tillering factors. Based on the membership function values， the top 10 accessions with superior comprehensive performance were identified. P.americanum×P. purpureum ‘Sumu No.4’，P. purpureum ‘Chuanyu No.1’ ， P. purpureum ‘Zise’ ， P. purpureum ‘Huanan’， P.americanum×P. purpureum ‘No.11’， P. purpureum ‘No.31’，P. purpureum ‘Guiminyin’ ， P.americanum×P. purpureum ‘CHP31’，P. purpureum ‘No.10’ and P. purpureum ‘Dehong’. This study provides high-yielding Pennisetum germplasm for forage cultivation and breeding in Northern China.

Key words: Elephant grass, Hybrid Pennisetum, Agronomic traits, Comprehensive evaluation, Germplasm screening

摘要： 象草（Pennisetum purpureum）及杂交狼尾草是狼尾草属的优质高产饲草，但其在我国北方的田间适应性评价尚不充分。本研究旨在系统评价80份收集及选育的狼尾草属种质资源在北京地区的农艺性状表现，筛选适宜北方种植的优异种质。试验测定80份供试材料的株高、叶长、叶宽、分蘖数、茎粗、鲜重及干重7个重要农艺性状，采用变异系数分析、相关性分析、主成分分析及隶属函数法对种质资源进行综合评价。结果表明：80份种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性，7个农艺性状的变异系数介于10.97%~78.77%，其中干重（78.77%）和鲜重（69.85%）的变异幅度最大，说明不同种质间生物量相关性状差异较大。相关性分析显示，叶长与叶宽、鲜重与干重均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。主成分分析发现前4个主成分累计贡献率达89.70%，主要反映了植株的生物量因子、株型因子和分蘖因子。通过隶数函数综合评价，筛选出综合性状排名前10的优异种质，分别为‘苏牧4号’杂交狼尾草、‘川育1号’象草、‘紫色’象草、‘华南’象草、‘杂狼11号’杂交狼尾草、象草31号、‘桂闽引’象草、‘CHP31’杂交狼尾草、象草10号和‘德宏’象草。本研究为北方地区饲草栽培和育种提供了高产优质的狼尾草种质。

关键词: 象草, 杂交狼尾草, 农艺性状, 综合评价, 种质筛选