Abstract: The pollen microstructures of two alfalfa varieties carried on satellite were observed using scanning electron microscope. Results show that the pollen grains of tested varieties are spheroidal or subprolate in shape, elliptic in equatorial view, 3-lobed circular in polar view, and tricolporate. The sulcus is strip-type, slip in shape, and extends to the two poles. The bore has evagination or not. The ultstractures are of three different kinds of shapes-alveolate, scabrous and reticular. Different species have different pollen ultstractures. The ultstrature of the same variety differs between different treatments. The shape, size and ultstrature of the pollen carried on the satelate are of obvious difference compared with those on the ground, indicating that space flight factor causes pollen developmental anomalies and inheritable mutation. Two tested alfalfa varieties have different amounts of aborted pollen after carried on the satellite. Aborted pollen has shriveled and abnormal shapes.

Key words: Satellite, Alfalfa, Pollen morphology, Scanning electron microscope

摘要： 应用扫描电镜对卫星搭载的2个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种的花粉显微结构进行了观察研究。结果表明:花粉为长球形和近球形2种,赤道面观为椭圆形,极面观为三裂圆形,具3(拟)孔沟,沟为条形,狭缝状,沟长至两极,孔处有外突或无;花粉外壁纹饰为穴状、粗糙状、网状3种;花粉的外壁纹饰不同品种间以及同一品种的不同处理间均有差异。这2个紫花苜蓿品种的花粉形状、大小和外壁纹饰与地面对照对应品种的花粉存在显著差异(P<0.05),表明空间飞行因子可导致花粉发育异常及可遗传突变等诱变效应。卫星搭载的2个品种存在花粉败育,不同品种间败育花粉数量存在差异。败育花粉粒形状干瘪,外形异常。

关键词: 卫星搭载, 紫花苜蓿, 花粉形态, 扫描电镜