Abstract:

The communities, community characteristics and environmental conditions of Eupatorium catarium under 3 habitats (wasteland, forest edge and forest) were surveyed in 8 sampling areas of the Hainan and western Guangdong. The relationships among the species composition, community characteristics and environmental conditions of E.catarium were studied in different sampling areas and habitats. The results indicated that there were 132 plant species belonging to 117 genera and 50 families in the communities of E.catarium. Gramineae and Asteraceae were dominant families with more species. There were 27 alien invasive plant species in the communities and accounted for 20.45% of the total species. Nine invasive species belonged to Asteraceae. Among the 8 sampling areas, the important values of E.catarium were all the biggest in the communities, and the coverage had no significant difference except two sampling areas of Danzhou and Heshan. The plant heights were significantly different. The important values of E.catarium under different habitats were ordered as wasteland >forest >forest edge. The coverage ranked as wasteland >forest and forest edge, and the plant heights were wasteland >forest edge >forest. Among the different habitats within the same sampling area, coverage had significant different except in Yangjiang, Xuwen and Qiongha. The plant heights were significant difference except in Haikou, QiongZhong and Sanya. There was a significant positive correlation between the height of E.catarium and soil temperature, and significant negative correlation between the important value and the annual rainfall. There was significant positive correlation between the height of E.catarium and soil temperature in the habitats of wasteland and forest edge. The coverage and soil moisture in wastland, the important value and the light intensity in forest had significant positive correlation in wasteland, whereas the coverage and soil salinity in forest were significantly negative correlation. In short, the areas with adequate temperature and rainfall, and the habitats with intensive light and sufficient moisture were easily invaded by E. catarium.

Key words: Invasive plant species, Eupatorium catarium, Community characteristics, Environmental factors

摘要：

通过调查海南岛及粤西热带地区8个样区3种生境(荒地、林缘、林中)的假臭草(Eupatorium catarium)群落物种、群落特征、环境条件,研究了不同样区及不同生境类型下假臭草群落的组成、群落特征及与环境条件的关系。结果表明:假臭草群落中共有50科117属132种植物,以禾本科、菊科居多;其中外来入侵植物有27种,占总物种数的20.45%,以菊科最多达到9种。不同样区假臭草的重要值均为最大,大多数样区之间盖度没有差异,仅儋州显著大于鹤山,高度差异显著。不同生境之间的假臭草重要值大小为:荒地 >林中 >林缘,盖度为:荒地 >(林中、林缘),高度为:荒地 >林缘 >林中。同一样区不同生境之间的比较中,假臭草盖度除阳江、徐闻、琼海无差异外,其余样区均差异显著;高度除海口、琼中、三亚无差异外,其余样区均差异显著。不同样区中假臭草的高度与土壤温度呈显著正相关,重要值与年降雨量呈显著负相关;不同生境下,荒地和林缘生境下的假臭草高度均与土壤温度呈显著正相关,荒地生境下盖度与土壤水分呈极显著正相关,林中生境下其盖度与土壤NaCl含量呈负相关,重要值与光照强度呈显著正相关。因此假臭草容易入侵气温以及降雨量适宜的样区和强光照及水分充足的生境。

关键词: 入侵植物, 假臭草, 群落特征, 环境因子